1. 2018 Orlando Annual Meeting & Expo
Tier 4 Regulations: Anticipating the Future
& How it Will Affect Your Bottom Line
Orlando, FL
February 19, 2018

2. Topics to be Covered Today
Progression of Tier 4
How Do I Know If I Have A Tier 4 Engine?
Tier 5? (EU Stage V and a Glimpse at the Future)
Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
Who is Trying to be the Next California?
A Potential Source of Incentive Funding

3. Progression of Tier 4
Progression of Tier 4

4. Engine Tiers

5. Tier 4 Drives Compliance with the California Off-Road Regulation
Compliance with Fleet Average Targets Depends Largely
on Tier 4: NOx Requirements

6. Tier 3 Technical Path NOx reduction: Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Air Inlet
Compressed Air from Turbocharger
Cooled Air from Intercooler
Exhaust Gas
VTG Turbo
EGR
Cooler
EGR Valve
NOx reduction:
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Particulate Matter (PM) reduction:
Advanced Fuel Injection System

7. Tier 4 Exhaust Aftertreatment Timeline

8. Interim Tier 4 Technology
HC Injection
DPF
Exhaust Gas
DOC
Intake Air Throttle
VTG Turbo, plus Fixed turbo
Air Inlet
EGR Valve
NOx reduction by increasing EGR
Cooled high pressure loop
Dual turbo
Larger EGR valve and cooler
EGR
Cooler
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)
PM reduced with Diesel Particle Filter (DPF)
DPF Active Regeneration System
Hydrocarbon (HC) doser
Intake air throttle
Compressed Air from Turbocharger

9. Final Tier 4 Typical SCR-Based Technology
Urea Injection
HC Injection
Exhaust Gas
DOC
DPF
SCR
Intake Air Throttle
VTG Turbo, plus Fixed turbo
Air Inlet
EGR Valve
Additional NOx reduction with Urea-based Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Urea injected into exhaust
80% NOx reduction
EGR
Cooler
Compressed Air from Turbocharger

10. How Do I Know If I Have A Tier 4 Engine?
Do I Have A Tier 4?
How Do I Know If I Have A Tier 4 Engine?

11. Engine Labels

12. Engine Labels

13. Engine Labels

14. EPA & CARB Website Searches

15. EPA & CARB Website Searches

16. EPA & CARB Website Searches
Searched for “ECPXL15.2HZA”

17. EPA & CARB Website Searches
Searched for “ECPXL15.2HZA”

18. EPA & CARB Website Searches

19. EPA & CARB Website Searches

20. EPA & CARB Website Searches

21. Tier 5? (EU Stage V and a Glimpse at the Future)

22. Tier 5? (EU Stage V and a Glimpse at the Future)
Regulation Finalized in 2016
Standards Phase in During 2019 and 2020
Includes Some Non-Diesel and Previously Unregulated Engines
Adopts Particle Number (PN) Emission Limits for Several Categories of Engines Between 19 and 560 kW
Tighter Limits for NOx and PM
First-Time Regulation of Engines Smaller than 19 kW and Larger than 560 kW

23. Tier 5? (EU Stage V and a Glimpse at the Future)

24. Tier 5? (EU Stage V and a Glimpse at the Future)
Regulation will Likely Drive Adoption of More OEM Diesel Particulate Filters
No “Flex Engine” Provisions
OEMs will have 18 Months to Consume Inventory of Engines of the Previous Emissions Type into their Machines
Additional Six Months to Place Transition Machines into Market
Independent OEMs with a Total Production of Less than 100 Units Per Year Get an Additional Transition Year.
What About the United States?
No “Tier 5” Regulation Currently in Rulemaking

25. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs

26. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
State of Massachusetts Retrofit Requirements for Equipment Used in Wastewater and Drinking Water Infrastructure Projects
“In addition to emitting smog-forming pollutants, construction equipment engines produce more than 25 percent of all diesel fine particulate matter (PM) pollution in Massachusetts.”
MassDEPs program includes a requirement that all non-road diesel equipment rated 50 horsepower or great that will be used on a project site meet EPA’s Tier 4 emission limits or be retrofitted with EPA-Verified or CARB-Verified Diesel Particulate Filters.

27. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
“If any piece of equipment is found to be in non-compliance with MassDOT's new diesel retrofit specification, you will be issued a Notice of Non-Compliance and will have 15 days to comply with the directions of the notice. If you do not comply with the notice, a daily monetary deficiency deduction will be imposed for each calendar day the deficiency continues. The deduction shall be $2,500 per day for each piece of equipment listed in the notice that was determined to be in non-compliance. In addition to the deficiency deduction, pay estimates will be held and no payments will be made until all equipment is brought into compliance. The deficiency deduction is irrevocable and shall not be reimbursed.“

28. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
Snow Removal Equipment Specification
Keene Dillant-Hopkins Airport (New Hampshire)
Bid Specification for Snow Removal Equipment (Snow Blower)
Carrier Engine and Auxiliary Engine
“The engine shall be Tier 4 Final EPA emission certified or or newer EPA emissions compliant. If the engine is or newer EPA emissions compliant a photograph of the emissions control label shall be submitted with the bid.”
Airport Utilized a Third Party Consultant to determine compliance with this requirement

29. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
Tappan Zee Replacement Bridge Construction
New York
Project Received Final Approval in 2012
Utilization of Newer Equipment
All nonroad construction equipment (excluding tug boat engines) rated at 50 hp or greater would meet at least the Tier 3 emissions standard
All nonroad construction equipment rated at less than 50 hp would meet at least the Tier 2 emissions standard

30. Local/State Requirements for Tiered Engines on Public/Private Jobs
One More Particularly Interesting Example
All plant, vehicles and locomotives will comply with USEPA Tier 2 emission standards
All construction vehicles and equipment will be maintained in good working order to prevent excessive emissions; and
Idling operations fuel will have a sulphur level no greater than 500 parts per million
So what’s the big deal about requiring Tier 2?
This project is the Construction and Operation of the Simandou Iron Ore Rail Line
Guinea, Africa

31. Who is Trying to be the Next California?

32. Who is Trying to be the Next California?
Probably the State of Oregon
Approved $500,000 to Perform a Statewide Off-Road Diesel Emissions Inventory
Currently Working on a Request for Proposals
House Bill 4003
Creates Nonroad Diesel Registration Program
Requires Public Improvement Contracts to Include Diesel Emission Mitigation Requirements
Likely Use of Tier 4
Authorizes Uses of Moneys Received from
Volkswagon Settlement for Diesel Mitigation

33. Additional Funding Souce
A Potential Source of Incentive Funding

34. A Potential Source of Incentive Funding
Volkswagon (VW) Settlement
First Partial Consent Decree Approved October, 2016
Applies to Entire United States
~ $3 Billion Nationally
Each Affected State Receives a Portion
California:
New York: ~ $127.7 Million

35. A Potential Source of Incentive Funding
Eligible Mitigation Actions*
Class 8 Local Freight Trucks and Port Drayage Trucks (Eligible Large Trucks)
Class 4-8 School Bus, Shuttle Bus, or Transit Bus (Eligible Buses)
Railroad Freight Switchers
Ferries/Tugs
Ocean going Vessels (OGV) Shorepower
Class 4-7 Local Freight Trucks (Eligible Medium Trucks)
Airport Ground Support Equipment
Forklifts and Port Cargo Handling Equipment

36. A Potential Source of Incentive Funding
Eligible Mitigation Actions Continued*
Light Duty Zero Emission Vehicle Supply Equipment
Voluntary matching funds for projects eligible under the DERA
* Most projects require a cost share
Follow Your State’s Process for Distribution of these Funds
For Example, New York May Fund up to 40% of the Cost of an Off-Road Repower Project or up to 25% of an Off- Road Equipment Replacement Project
Availability & Project Eligibility Will Vary By State

37. Thank You For Attending
If you have any questions, please contact me: Mike Buckantz Associates Environmental Bolsa Chica Street, Suite 202 Huntington Beach, CA Office: (714) x 701 Mobile: (714) Fax: (714)