1. The Protection of Children Online
ITU Council WG on Child Online Protection
7 October 2011
Laurent Bernat

2. OECD Mission
Promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world.
Forum, place for dialogue and sharing of experience
Seeking solutions to common problems
Measure, compare, analyse data
Understand economic and social changes
Help governments to develop better policies in many areas

3. OECD Structure Council … ICCP … Information, Computer &
Communications Policy
WPISP
WPIE
WPCISP
WPIIS
Information Security and Privacy
Communication Infrastructures and Services Policy
Information Economy
Indicators for the Information
Society

4. WP on Information Security & Privacy
1980 Guidelines for the Protection of Privacy
Cross-Border Co-operation for Enforcement of Privacy Laws
The value of personal data (current)
2002 Guidelines for the Security of Information Systems and Networks: Towards a Culture of Security
E-authentication, Digital Identity Management
Policies for the Protection of Critical Information Infrastructures
Malware
Cybersecurity Strategies (current)
ISPs and Botnets (current)
Cloud Computing (current)
Other: RFID, Spam, Cryptography Policy, etc.

5. Global Partners Candidate to accession (and observer): Russia
Observers
India, South Africa, Egypt, Latvia, Singapore
Council of Europe
International Conference of Data Protection & Privacy Commissioners
Strong co-operation with APEC
Stakeholders
Business and Industry (BIAC)
Civil Society (CSISAC)
Internet Technical Community (ITAC) Trade Union Advisory Committee (TUAC)
34 member countries
Australia Austria Belgium Canada Czech Republic Chile Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Japan
Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal Slovak republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom United States
+ European Union

6. Seoul Ministerial Meeting
June 2008 – 40 Ministers
Declaration on « The Future of the Internet Economy » calls for
A collaborative effort by governments, the private sector, civil society and the Internet technical community to build a common understanding of the impact of the Internet on minors and to enhance their protection and support when using the Internet.
Increased cross-border co-operation on the protection of minors by governments and enforcement authorities

7. Overview of the work Seoul Ministerial Declaration
2009 APEC – OECD Symposium (Singapore)
Report on « The protection of children online: risks faced by children online and policies to protect them »
2011 – Draft Council Recommendation

8. Scope Very rich area Scope Snapshot of an evolving landscape
Includes children (minors) as users of the Internet
Does not include offline risks, child sexual abuse
Snapshot of an evolving landscape

9. Overview
Report
Data
Risks
Policies
Draft Recommendation

10. Children & the Internet
Internet access is on the rise for children
US home Internet access for 8-18: 47% in 1999 to 84% in 2009
EU teenagers using Internet: 70% in 2005, 75% in 2008
A high percentage of older children have Internet access
Teenagers with access to the Internet : 99% in UK, 93% in US, >90% in Japan, 75% average in EU

11. Children & the Internet
Internet use increases with age
Children's Internet use by age in the European Union
Source: Eurobarometer

12. Children & the Internet
Children start to use the Internet younger
Children’s first use of the Internet: 13 in 2000 to 4 in 2009 (Sweden)
Children spend more time on the Internet than before
UK: 7.1 h/week in 2005, 13.8h/week in 2007
Children use the Internet mostly at home

13. Children have a multitude of online activities
Children’s use of the Internet by age group in the United Kingdom (2007)
Source: Ofcom, 2007, p. 19.

14. Devices to access the Internet are diversifying
Percentage of children owning a mobile phone with Internet access in Japan and the EU , 2008
Source: Japanese delegation to the OECD and Eurobarometer 2008 (EU27).

15. Risks

16. About data on risks A large quantity of data is available.
Ex :441 European studies
The number of studies varies across countries and regions
The availability varies depending on the risk
Small amount of Data
Larger amount of Data
Illegal interaction
Harmful Advice
Online marketing
Fraudulent transactions
Information security risks
Privacy risks related to location information
Exposure to inappropriate content (mainly on adult pornography)
Cyberbullying
Cybergrooming

17. Exposed to sexual content Has given out personal information
About data on risks
Studies become obsolete rapidly
Few recurrent studies
Researches focus on teenagers
Mobile Internet not considered
Comparability is a challenge
No consensus on the definition of risks
Age groups are not standard
Exposed to sexual content
Has given out personal information
Age group considered UK
57%
46%
9-19
Italy
25% -
7-11
Ireland
79%
10-20
Belgium
Up to 40%
13%
9-12

18. Positive content provision
Policies
Multilayered
National Policy Mix
Legal measures
Co & self- regulation
Technical measures
Awareness & education
Positive content provision

19. Policies Multistakeholder Governments and public authorities Children
Parents and caregivers
Educators and public institutions
Private sector

20. Policies Multi-level National and International level
APEC, Council of Europe, ITU, IGF, OECD, UNICEF
Policy and operational
E.g. INHOPE, INSAFE

21. Managing Policy Complexity
Co-ordination within the government, with stakeholders, at international level
To promote mutually reinforcing policy measures
To increase visibility of actions
By identifying leadership within the government
Through inclusive and sustainable platforms for information exchange and co-ordination
Consistency
Consolidating definitions and instruments
Maximising protection, preserving benefits
With economic and social dimensions of the Internet, including fundamental values
Objective : Mutually reinforcing policy action

22. Measurement Measurement of risks Policy impact assessments
Input for evidence-based policy/ national priority setting
Systematic and quantitative data surveys
Harmonisation of methodologies and definitions (national/ international level)
Policy impact assessments
Enhancing the precision of policy making
Come to terms with conflicting policy objective
Performance evaluation
Public/ private sector initiatives

23. Draft Recommendation
Broad scope, all risk categories: General approach rather than risk-specific
Includes all stakeholders
Two facets: making the Internet more secure, empowering children
Shared responsibility, primary role of parents

24. Draft Recommendation Proportionality & fundamental values
Maximising protection without limiting benefits
Protecting without disrupting openess
Fundamental values
Flexibility: age appropriateness, technology neutrality)
Policy mix
Foster public-private dialogue
International co-operation