1. Describe your personal photographic ethical guidelines in regards to photo editing and manipulation.

2. Photo Ethics
The conversations about ethics when dealing with photography can be broken into two distinct areas.
When to take the photograph
Photo editing/publishing
Video: Lindsey Lohan

3. What can Photoshop do?

4. Photo Editing
Today, the credibility and ethics of photojournalists are being tested by the wonderful technology of Photoshop.
This program has revolutionized the handling of photo images in yearbooks across the country.
However, along with the advantages Photoshop brings, it also has the power to alter what appears to be true and entices old and new photographers to bend their ethical standards as truth-tellers.

5. Photo Editing
Before we get too far into this, we need to learn a few terms
Complete the J-Jargon
Photo Ethics | Photo Editing
Research each term and define it

6. Photo Editing Concept Illustration
A visual representation of an idea, mood, concept, etc. This is not a photo, but instead more like art created using photo editing software.

7. Photo Editing Photo Illustration
Editing a photo enough that it can no longer be considered a ‘photo’

8. Photo Editing Photo Manipulation
Editing a photo with the intent to deceive or create an illusion.
**note: This is NOT always a bad thing. Sometimes you must manipulate the photo in order to get a desired affect. (Ex: advertising)
This should not be confused with photo enhancements or corrections that are intended to simply make the photo more appealing. (ex: removing dust from a negative)

9. Photo Editing Photo Manipulation
For more great examples of photo manipulation, visit:

10. Photo Editing Posed/Staged
These are the opposite of candid photos. Posed or staged photos are set up shots

11. Photo Editing Sensationalism
Photos intended to produce a startling, thrilling or exciting response (often done in an off-taste manner)

12. Photo Hoax Test How well do you think you can spot the fakes?

13. Photoshop Ethics
We will learn HOW to manipulate photos in this class for artistic and personal purposes
For use in ANY publication, you should NOT manipulate photos for the purpose of misrepresentation
There IS a difference between “cleaning” photos and altering the subject
In some cases, this will become an ethical issue of when to cross the line when is gets blurred

14. Photo Ethics
In general, photographers should never change the meaning of a photo by cropping, dodging, burning, etc.
These techniques are OK to use, but not to change the MEANING of the photo

15. Photo Ethics
OJ Simpson TIME took the mug shot of Simpson when he was arrested and changed it before using it on their cover. They would not have been caught if NEWSWEEK had not used the same photo on their cover photo just as it had come from the police.

16. Photo Ethics
Never flip a negative (in the darkroom or Photoshop) so the action is going the opposite way just to make it fit a layout better

17. Photo Ethics Caption Writing
Be careful of libelous situations when captions are poorly written or provide misleading information
Photographers need to protect their integrity by always writing the first draft of the caption BEFORE it gets to the copy writer or designer

18. Photo Ethics
BE CAREFUL!!!!

19. Photo Ethics Easy caption information capturing
From the “File” menu, choose “File Info”

20. Ethical Guidelines The Washington Post
“Photographs are trusted by our readers to be an accurate recording of an event. Alteration of photographs in a way so as to mislead, confuse or otherwise misrepresent the accuracy of those events is strictly prohibited”

21. Ethical Guidelines The Kansas City Star
“It’s the Star’s policy that any content alteration of news photographs is unacceptable. We do not concoct news photographs and try to pass them off as reality.”

22. Ethical Guidelines The National Press Photographers Association
“Photojournalists operate as trustees of the public. Our primary role is to report visually on the significant events and on the varied viewpoints in our common world. Our primary goal is the faithful and comprehensive depiction of the subject at hand. As photojournalists, we have the responsibility to document society and to preserve its history through images.”

23. Steele High School
??? What should our ethical guidelines be?

24. Photoshop
Clean distracting, unattractive features

25. Let’s see what some others say

26. JEA’s Photo Guidelines
The viewfinder test:
Does the photograph show more than what the photographer saw through the viewfinder?
The photo-processing test:
Do things go beyond what is routinely done in the darkroom to improve image quality (cropping, lightening, darkening, etc)
The technical credibility test:
Is the proposed alteration not technically obvious to the readers?
The clear implausibility test:
Is the altered image not obviously false to readers?

27. JEA’s Photo Guidelines
The viewfinder test
The photo-processing test
The technical credibility test
The clear implausibility test
If any of the tests listed above can be answered ‘yes,’ JEA urges students to follow these procedures:
Not manipulate photos
Not publish the images in question
Clearly label images as photo illustrations when students editors decide they are the best way to support story content

28. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

29. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

30. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

31. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

32. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

33. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

34. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

35. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

36. Is this OK?
Images taken from zlabs.org

37. With that being said… Coming up… Composition & Lighting Styles
Even though Photoshop will do some cool things, we need to learn how to take a great photo from the start first.
Coming up…
Composition & Lighting Styles
Do you think you can get that great shot?