1. Dr Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead 20 September 2016
Paulo Freire
Dr Yasmine Dominguez-Whitehead 20 September 2016

2. Links

3. Marxism
Ideology
Consciousness

4. Historical Materialism
Superstructure/Ideology protects the base

5. Critical Theory
Status quo
Hierarchy

6. Antonio Gramsci
Imagination (1959)

7. Cultural Hegemony
Elite
Oppressed
Consent

8. Workers’ Education Critique of state education Intellectual reform
Altre vie

9. Paulo Freire

10. The role of the oppressed
Regain humanity
Freedom
Justice
“Accordingly, while no one liberates himself [sic] by his own efforts alone, neither is he [sic] liberated by others” (Freire, 1970/1996, p. 48)
“Freedom is acquired by conquest, not by gift” (p. 29)
Page 26

11. False generosity/False charity
What happens when members of the oppressor class join the oppressed?
Page 42
“Executors of the transformation”

12. Identification with the oppressor
“Adhesion to the oppressor” (p. 27)
“Irresistible attraction” (p. 44) . See also p. 45
“In truth the boss was inside them.” (p. 46)

13. Praxis
Reflection
Critical awareness
Action
Transform their world

14. Praxis
“It is only when the oppressed find the oppressor out and become involved in the organized struggle for their liberation that they begin to believe in themselves. This discovery cannot be purely intellectual but must involve action; nor can it be limited to mere activism, but must include serious reflection; only then will it be a praxis” (p. 47). Rejection of dichotomization.

15. On Thursday Proposed Pedagogy Banking concept of education
Problem-posing education

16. Tutorial Questions
In South Africa today, who is the oppressor and who is the oppressed? Justify your response.
Reflect on the recent 2015/2016 #FeesMustFall protests, in what ways can Freire’s views/arguments be applied to these protests?
What are some of the challenges related to applying Freire’s work to issues/inequalities faced today?