1. Astronomy Review
November 29, 2007

2. Question 1
Give a description of the group of stars that are categorized as White Dwarfs.
Extremely bright and average in temperature
Low in brightness but average in temperature

3. Question 2
How would you best classify the sun given that it is a yellow star that is average in both brightness and in temperature.
Main Sequence
Supergiant

4. Question 3
How can you describe the general relationship between the brightness of a Main Sequence star and the surface temperature?
As the brightness decreases, the temperature decreases
As the brightness increases, the temperature decreases

5. Question 4
Select the order of stars which displays the magnitude from greatest to least.
Deneb, Spica, Capella, Sirius B
Sirius B, Capella, Spica, Deneb

6. Question 5
Using the HR diagram, find the star that is warmer than the Sun and cooler than Canopus.
Procyon
Altair

7. Question 6
Using the HR diagram, find the star that is not as bright as Zeta Eridani but is brighter than Capeta.
Canopes
Sirius

8. Question 7
Look at the HR diagram. Which of the following conclusions can best be supported by the information in the diagram?
The temperature is inversely proportionate to the brightness of the supergiant stars
Main sequence stars increase in temperature as the brightness increases

9. Question 8
Using data table 1, which of the following conclusions is supported by the data provided?
There is no relationship between a planet’s distance from the Sun and its orbital velocity.
There is an inverse relationship between the planet’s distance from the Sun and its orbital velocity.

10. Question 9
If a person is sensitive about their weight, why would they refuse the opportunity to live on Saturn?
Their mass would increase as well as their weight.
Their weight would increase but not their mass.

11. Question 10
Using data table 1 answer the following question. A planet is moved closer to the Sun. What change would occur in the planet’s orbital velocity?
The orbital velocity would slow down, then speed up.
The orbital velocity would increase.

12. Question 11
Using data table 1 answer the following question. Describe the relationship between a planet’s distance from the Sun and period of rotation.
There is no set pattern or relationship.
There is an inverse relationship observed.

13. Question 12
What categories of characteristics of stars are used on the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram?
Size, luminosity, temperature
Shape, brightness, temperature

14. Question 13
Use data table 2 to answer the following question. What is the relationship observed between a star’s brightness and size?
There is a direct relationship.
There is an indirect relationship.

15. Question 14
Based on the above star’s spectrum, which of the following elements’ spectra is contained in the star. A. B.

16. Question 15
What reason do scientist give for using light years to measure distances in space?
The speed of light is easier to measure than the speed of sound.
Using kilometers to measure distances in space results in large numbers with questionable accuracy.

17. Question 16
If a student were to make a model of a galaxy, which material would more closely represent each star?
Grains of sand
Cotton balls

18. Question 17 Which of the following is an irregular shaped galaxy?
A B.

19. Question 18
Which picture represents a spiral galaxy?
A B.

20. Question 19
Which picture represents an elliptical galaxy?
A B.

21. Question 20 Galaxies are comprised of which of the following items?
Stars
Comets

22. Question 21
Scientists having opposing views on how the universe was formed and continues to change. The discovery of the red-shift in light waves from other galaxies supports which theory?
The Steady State theory
The Big Bang theory

23. Question 22
Use data table 3 to answer the following question. Which fact shows the greatest degree of difference between Earth and Venus?
Density
Temperature

24. Question 23
Using data table 4 answer the following question. According the data table, which planet would have a higher surface temperature?
Venus
Earth

25. Question 24
Which of the following pieces of scientific equipment do scientists use to observe very distant stars?
A microscope
A telescope

26. Question 25
Arrange the following structures in order of smallest to largest.
A. Solar system, planet, universe
B. Planet, galaxy, universe

27. Question 26
We use the AU or astronomical unit to measure distances in space in our solar system. Why don’t scientists use light years instead?
The distances covered in our solar system would result in using fractions of light years instead of whole numbers.
The speed of light is to fast measure within our solar system.

28. Question 27
Use the picture labeled A to answer the following question. Using your knowledge of sound waves and the Doppler Effect, which side of the picture displays sound waves trailing behind the object?
Right
Left

29. Question 28
Using the picture labeled A answer the following question. Using your knowledge of light waves, which side of the object would display a blue shift?
Right
Left

30. Question 29 Which statement does not support the Big Bang theory?
The Universe started with an explosion and has remained steady ever since.
The Universe started with an explosion and continues to expand even at this point in time.

31. Question 30
Using the HR Diagram, indicate the color range that the hottest stars are found in.
Red-Orange
Blue-White

32. Question 31
A nebula consists of gases and dust. As nuclear fusion begins inside the nebula, what space structure is being formed?
Asteroids
Stars

33. Question 32
Which of the following answers arranges the steps in a medium stars life cycle in sequential order.
Protostar, nebula, medium star, black dwarf, white dwarf
Nebula, protostar, medium star, white dwarf, black dwarf

34. Question 33
After a supergiant star goes supernova, there are two possible ways for the star to end its life cycle. What are they?
White dwarf, black hole
Black hole, neutron star

35. Question 34
Elliptical galaxies are older than spiral galaxies. What characteristic of elliptical galaxies supports this statement?
Elliptical galaxies contain no gas or dust particles.
Elliptical galaxies are full of gas and dust particles.

36. Question 35 Which spiral galaxy is our solar system a part of?
A. The Rigel Galaxy
B. The Milky Way Galaxy

37. Question 36
Using the HR diagram, answer the following question. Stars that are predominately red-orange, cool in temperature, but very bright fall into which classification of stars?
Supergiants
Giants

38. Question 37
Using the HR diagram, answer the following question. Stars that are predominately red-orange, cool in temperature, but of medium brightness fall into which classification of stars?
Supergiants
Giants

39. Question 38
Using the HR diagram, answer the following question. Stars that are predominately blue-white, average temperature, and very low in brightness fall into what classification of stars?
White dwarfs
Main Sequence

40. Question 39
Use the HR Diagram to answer the following question. Stars that have a direct relationship between their temperature and brightness and fall into all the color categories are classified as what type of stars?
White dwarfs
Main sequence

41. Question 40
Using the characteristics of the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram, describe the star located in our solar system.
Main sequence, yellow, average brightness and average temperature.
Main sequence, yellow, low brightness and low temperature