1. Business Ethics info@answersheets.in +91 95030-94040

2. Business Ethics CASE STUDY (20 Marks) Shareholder activism has its roots in hostile takeover bids of the 1980s, when corporate raiders were viewed negatively by the media and shareholders. By the 1990s, thinking about the best structure for companies was shifting to reflect the idea that shareholders should have more of a say over companies' destinies. Today, the activists are massive corporations in their own right. Today, it is often the case that activist funds are worth more than the companies they are targeting. The amount of capital available to shareholder activists has gone up dramatically, including from asset classes with a lot of money, such as pension funds. Institutional investors are working with activists at an increasing rate. The campaigns are comprehensive. Activist shareholders now hire investment banks and the best law firms, outpacing the resources individual companies apply to the same analysis.

3. The current wave of change is focused on boards. Shareholders want someone who is an investor on the board. It's becoming best practice to welcome someone with investing experience onto the board, in part to benefit from their perspective but also to preempt activist demands for an investor to join the board. "A lot of people defer to ISS." (ISS is the largest of the activist proxy advisory firms) "A big concern is that companies and activists are fundamentally operating from the perspective of a different timeframe." "We like to build value over a long period of time – to invest in a technology that may not have a payoff for 10 years, or to invest in research and development." "Typically the entry point for activists is sloppy corporate governance." "I see a lot of really good people that don't want to be on boards anymore." How that so-called big data is providing access to information that would not previously have been discovered, what are the ethical boundaries around companies’ use of this data? A panel of experts discussed “Ethical Use of Collected Data” as part of the Business and Organizational Ethics Partnership at Santa Clara University’s Markkula Center for Applied Ethics.

4. The panelists included Shannon Vallor, associate professor of philosophy at Santa Clara University; Scott Shipman, general counsel and chief privacy officer at Sensity Systems; and MeMe Jacobs Rasmussen, chief privacy officer at Adobe Systems. The panel was moderated by Irina Raicu, director of Internet ethics at the Ethics Center. Vallor opened the discussion with an explanation of how big data is used and some of the ethical issues it raises. “The applications are virtually boundless, given that consumers are generating and we are collecting and storing unprecedented volumes of data in all sectors: private, public, heath care, education, commerce and entertainment,” Vallor said. “We are being overwhelmed by the promise of big data to solve persistent challenges in public health, criminal justice” and other areas. But there are risks as well as benefits to using big data. Privacy is one of the biggest issues, given the volume of data that is being collected. Consumers are justifiably concerned not only about what the company that collects the data will do with it, but also how it will be protected from third parties.

5. Answer the following question. Q1. Debate the dictum, “Say what you do, do what you say, and don’t surprise the user”, in relation to the ethical use of the big data being collected by the companies.

6. www.answersheets.in info.answersheets@gmail.com info@answersheets.in +91 95030-94040