1. Leisure as Consumption

2. Agenda Introduction of Debate Brief History of Leisure as Over-Consumption – (Dustin) Current Over-Consumption and Leisure – (Alicia and Collin) Leisure without consumption – (Julian and Tom) Class Activity

3. History of Leisure as Over- Consumption Spectator sports start to (re) emerge in the mid-1800s Spectator /participant status determined by social class Other commercial amusements took hold in the early 19 th century (dime museums, dance halls, shooting galleries, bowling alleys, billiards halls, amusement parks, etc.) that were all forms of paid entertainment. Thorstein Veblens Theory of the Leisure Class State that the possession and visible use of leisure throughout the ages in Europe had become a symbol for the upper class. Began seeing this in America in the late 19 th century. Coined the terms idle rich, conspicuous consumption and conspicuous leisure. Thought wealthy members of society exploited a culture of consumption is which the rich depended on the labor of the lower classes. Modern example: early 2000s rap videos

4. History (Cont.) Early 1900s – Appearance of many more forms of leisure and entertainment that must be paid for. – Creation of a working and middle class that had money and time to use for leisure. Post World War II The Gross National Product (GNP) in the US went from $211 billion in 1945 to over a trillion dollars in 1971. In the 1950s an estimated $30 billion/year was spent on leisure compared to $756 billion in 2005. During the counterculture movement of the 1960s the idea that attaining a respectable position in the workplace was lost, a rejection of the work ethic that had been present since the protestant reformation and industrial revolution. Trend in the 1990s The increase of wealth families in the US was not met by a decline in families below the poverty line (stratification). This wealthy class became caught up in spending on luxury items like cars, yachts, McMansions, clothing, toys, travel, etc. The attempts by privatized businesses to make the leisure market as lucrative as possible took the leisure experience away from being a rewarding, creative experience and turned it into a past-time requiring the mass consumption of market-produced goods and services

5. Over Consumption and Leisure Above: levels of energy production and consumptions. Top Right: Finances vs. Leisure, unnecessary Bottom Right: Electronics leading to lower levels of active leisure

6. Leisure and Overconsumption More free time= more consumption People with a 5-day week will consume more goods than the people with a 6-day week. People who have more leisure have more clothes, have a greater variety of food, have more transportation facilities and have more service of various kinds. This increased consumption will require greater production than we now have. Instead of business being slowed up because the people are off work, it will be speeded up... This will lead to more production, more profits and more wages. The result of more leisure will be the exact opposite of what most people might suppose it to be. –Henry Ford

9. Free Leisure We live in a time when practically everything costs money, especially leisure. Even if you do not pay for the activity itself, you have to pay for the equipment you use, whether its a paint brush, guitar, spatula or hiking boots. So what can you do that doesnt cost money? Meditation Reading Walking Story telling Socializing Singing Natural art Skipping stones Climbing trees Imagination

10. Cheap Leisure Some forms of leisure require one-time purchases. Others are relatively cheap but require supplementary costs – (Transportation, Maintenance, etc.) Kayaking Biking Sports Equipment Hiking Aquatic Activities Fishing

11. CLASS ACTIVITY Groups of 3 Each group given note card with activity on it Discuss how expensive the activity would be One group member places note card on board in corresponding price range Class discussion to follow – be prepared to explain your position