1. UNDERSTANDING DRUGS AND MEDICINCES
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TEKS: HE.1K, HE.2E, HE.2F, HE.2G, HE.2H, HE.3C, HE.4C, HE.7A, HE.7B, HE.13A, HE.17A

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE?
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DRUG
Medicine or other substance that has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body.
A substance that is used to cure, prevent, or treat illnesses or discomfort.
MEDICINES
All medicines are drugs but not all drugs are medicines

3. What are some common side effects of medicines?
What is a Side Effect?
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Any effect caused by a drug in addition to the intended effect
What are some common side effects of medicines?
Headaches
Sleepiness
Diarrhea
Nausea
Dizziness
Vomiting

4. Drug Interactions Drug interactions occur when drugs react
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Drug interactions
occur when drugs react
with another drug, food
or dietary supplement.
“Drug interactions happen when drugs react with another drug, food or dietary supplement. It could increase or decrease the effect of a drug.” Emphasize the effect of mixing pills and alcohol – deadly combination. Should never do, whether it is an antibiotic, antidepressant, or ecstasy. Also mention eating food with antibiotics decreases chances of stomachaches. Example given on next slide.

5. Common Drug/Food Interactions
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Grapefruit Juice
can interact with numerous other medications, both prescription and over-the-counter.
can cause the body to metabolize drugs abnormally, resulting in lower or higher than normal blood levels of the drug.
Some of the drugs affected by grapefruit juice are:
cholesterol medications
antihistamines
blood pressure drugs
thyroid replacement drugs
birth control
stomach acid-blocking drugs
How grapefruit juice affects some medicines. Discuss the diagram with students.

6. Anaphylactic Shock
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Severe allergic reaction that needs to be treated right away. Treatment includes an epinephrine shot as soon as possible.
Symptoms:
Coughing, wheezing, itching
Fainting, dizziness, weakness
Trouble breathing
Swollen tongue, itchy lips
Vomiting, diarrhea, cramps
Anaphylactic Shock – affects the entire body including itching all over, swelling, especially in the mouth and throat, wheezing or difficulty breathing, pounding heart, fainting and unconsciousness.

7. Over-the-Counter Drugs
Prescription Drugs
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Specific medicines that can only be obtained through a written order by a doctor
Over-the-Counter Drugs
Medicines that can be bought without a prescription

8. Why do we need a prescription for certain drugs?
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Prescription drugs are considered to be potentially harmful if not used under the supervision of a licensed health care practitioner
Who regulates prescription drugs?

9. Prescription Medicines
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What information does a prescription have?
The patient name, date of birth, and address
The medication name
The dosage
When you should take the medicine
How often you should take the medicine
The length of time you should take the medicine
Some things NOT included are side effects and ingredients.

10. generic vs. brand name medicine
Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine.
The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, and size.
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“Generic drugs are made by a company other than the company that developed the original medicine. They are chemically identical to the original drug and have the same active ingredients. The difference may be in the inactive ingredients, things that give the pill its shape, color, size.”

11. Prescription Drug Misuse
Legal medicines with legitimate uses can be misused, meaning they're taken by someone other than the patient or in a manner or dose other than what's recommended.
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People often think that prescription and OTC drugs are safer than illegal drugs, but that’s only true when they are taken exactly as prescribed and for the purpose intended.

12. Misuse vs. Abuse
Intent: A person taking a drug to experience the high= ABUSE
They intentionally used the drug for the wrong purpose.
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Intent: A person who could not fall asleep took another sleeping pill an hour after the first one to “do the trick” = MISUSE
The intention was to only relieve symptoms not to get “high”.

13. Trends in prevalence of various drugs for 8th Graders, 10th Graders and 12th Graders. Click on the link to see the data.
Discuss the chart with students and point out prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are, after marijuana (and alcohol), the most commonly abused substances by Americans 14 and older.
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14. 9/16/2018
common medications

15. Analgesics Relieve pain Ibuprofen Acetaminophen Aspirin 9/16/2018
Analgesics relieve pain. Examples include: Aspirin, Acetaminophen, and Ibuprofen.
Acetaminophen
Aspirin

16. Antacids Antihistamines
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Work against stomach acids that cause heartburn
Antihistamines
Block the action of the chemical, HISTAMINE, which causes allergy symptoms
Antihistamines block the action of the chemical histamine, which causes allergy symptoms. Examples: Benadryl and Zyrtec.

17. Antibiotics
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Drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms
Common antibiotics:
Penicillin
Streptomycin
Amoxicillin
Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Examples: Penicillin, Streptomycin, Amoxicillin.

18. How do drugs enter your body?
The most common way drugs enter your body is by mouth (Ingestion).
Other methods:
Implanted pumps
Inhalation
Injection
Patches
Topical application (creams/ointments)
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Implanted pumps, inhalation, injection, transdermal patches, ingestion, and topical cream.