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PHOTONS Bushong, Chapter 4
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PHOTONS Smallest quantity of electromagnetic energy
Bundle of energy AKA Quantum No Mass- electric/magnetic fields- sine waves Travel at speed of light Energy disturbances interact with matter Exists over wide energy range
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James Clerk Maxwell discovered light and x-rays have electric and magnetic properties.
Sine Wave Model used to help describe the properties of photons.
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Amplitude-
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Frequency-
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Wavelength-
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C=fXLambda
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Relationships Between These Terms
Velocity (C or V) Decreases Increases Frequency (F) wavelength (Lambda)
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Electromagnetic Energy
Frequency Wavelength Energy What does this relationship tell us about imaging systems?( let’s look at following slide)
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Match the Units of measurement
HZ Meter Volts Energy Frequency Wavelength
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Ionizing Radiation Ionizing means that the radiation is able to cause changes in the structure of an atom. 80 kVp produces x-rays in the 0-80 keV range X-rays are artifically produced in an x-ray tube electron cloud Gamma rays come from inside the nucleus of a radioactive atom
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Wave and Particle Theories
Visible light identified by wavelength RF identified by frequency X-rays are identified by energy Visible light acts like wave X-rays act like particles
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Size of the object VS size of wave (water compared to photons)
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Energy attenuation and reduction in intensity from scatter and absorption.
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Energy is reflected when waves crash into a bulkhead
Energy is reflected when waves crash into a bulkhead. It is absorbed by a beach. It is partially absorbed or attenuated by a line of pilings. Light is also reflected, absorbed, or attenuated, depending on the composition of the surface on which it is incident.
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Radiolucent VS Radiopaque
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Definitions ENERGY Reflection Transmission Absorption LIGHT
Transparent Translucent Opaque Important in Radiology Attenuation Radiopaque Radiolucent
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Inverse Square Law Intensity VS Distance
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