1. Heating
Kevin Hampson
Was having trouble figuring out how to present this information.
Thought it would interesting to present in a manner that mimicked my thought process while studying.

2. Why do we heat?
At the most basic level, why do we heat? Whether it be a person, place, or thing, why?
To make something warm or hot. But why?
Often times, it is to make something do something it cannot normally do when it is cool. Sometimes, very high temperatures are needed (such as smelting).
Heat is essential to life.
As people, why do we heat ourselves? “So we don’t get cold.”
Good answer, but is there a lower level need for heating ourselves? “So we don’t die of being cold.”
Let’s really drive home this idea...

3. Thin Margin of Error Normal Cold Hot 97.5 F - 99.5 F Hypothermia
Medical Emergency
Probably Dead
Definitely Dead
< 95
< 90
< 85
< 80
Hyperthermia
Medical Emergency
Probably Dead
Toast
> 102
> 106
> 110
> 112

5. Regulation Tangible benefits of control.
Intangible drawbacks of comfort.
Benefits of control: concern for life not an issue. Can also do things we normally could not (live in area during winter, work on this project with artificial light).
Detriments of control: Seneca iscusses moral repercussions of such luxury, chastises man with warm feet, home, and lovely windows as being timid of the outside, if not completely disgusted by it. Also, perfect sustainability could assume no humans or no human exploitation. If we didn’t exploit, our lives would be prettty terrible.

6. Exercising Control Practical and moral aspects of: Planning
Passive heating
Doing whatever it takes to get this damn house warm.
Three main aspects of the Villa:
Planning
Passive Solar Heating
Hypocaust System

7. Hypocausts “Hot Air Room”
Generally located underneath main floor with furnace.
Attached to bath and near living areas (along with propnigeion).
Furnace attached to pipes which lined walls.

9. Vitruvius

10. Natural Draft Furnace

11. Closing Remarks About cooling...
Important to consider the practical and moral considerations.
Heat as an all encompassing topic.
Solidifying Pliny and Vitruvius.
The “Greatness” of the Ancients.

12. Bibliography
Primary: Pliny the Younger, Letters, , 7-9, 11, 23. Seneca, On Providence, section 4, part 9. Statius, Silvae , Vitruvius, On Architecture, book 5, section Secondary: Elert, Glenn. “Temperature of a Healthy Human (Body Temperature).” Physics Factbook, 2005, hypertextbook.com/facts/1997/LenaWong.shtml. Images: “Marcus Vitruvius Pollio.” Chadsworth Incorporated, Architectural Products Company, 2015, shop.columns.com/marcus-vitruvius-pollio.aspx. Ressler, Stephen. “Hypocaust.” Stephen Ressler, P.E., Ph. D., Dr. Stephen Ressler, 2013, stephenjressler.com/portfolio/hypocaust/. Simpson, Sutherland, and J.J. Galbraith. “Chart Showing Diurnal Variation.” Project Gutenberg, Encyclopedia Britannica, Winnefield. “Plan Reconstruction.” The Pliny Project, University of Virginia, Images.htm.