1. ISPI 2001 Conference Masters Series Presentation
CADDI, Inc. 175 Jackson Avenue Suite 215 Naperville, IL Phone. (630) Fax. (630)
Curriculum Architecture Design & Development Institute, Inc.
CADDI
CADDI.com
ISPI Conference
San Francisco, April 2001
lean-ISDSM
ISPI 2001 Conference Masters Series Presentation
April 11, 2001
Presented by:
Guy W. Wallace
Partner
CADDI, Inc.
P-1021

2. Preface
John Swinney, our outgoing Society president, asked me to tell our story about the PACTSM Processes for T&D in this masters series . . .

3. Our Claim
Over the past two decades, my CADDI partner Pete Hybert, I, and others at CADDI have “reduced to practice” many of the prevailing concepts/models/methods of ISD.
lean-ISD via our PACT Processes for T&D
Ensures a “performance orientation” to all training and development (T&D) content and better posttraining capability to both “know” and “do”
“Chunks” content to facilitate reuse when appropriate and to reduce both first and life-cycle costs
Development
Administration/delivery
Maintenance

4. A Little Background At Wickes Lumber (1979–1981), I
Learned a derivative approach to ISD from the work of Gilbert and Rummler
Joined ISPI (Detroit, Michigan chapter)
Next, at Motorola (1981–1982), I
Had an opportunity to work on two projects with Dr. Geary
Rummler
Was energized by director Bill Wiggenhorn’s desire for us to
create a Rummler-based training design method

5. A Little Background (continued)
Then at SWI • Svenson & Wallace, Inc. (1982 – 1997), I
Focused on ISD versus HPT/TQM
Developed and evolved the Curriculum Architecture DesignSM (CAD) methodology beginning in 1982
Developed the Modular Curriculum DevelopmentSM (MCD)
methodology (akin to ADDIE) to continue the CAD
approach and philosophy and leverage the outputs of CAD as inputs to MCD
At CADDI, we continue to use those approaches today with client projects, and we continue to evolve the approaches
• CAD =
• MCD =

6. Performance Orientation of PACT Credits
Geary A. Rummler
Tom Gilbert
Many other ISPI gurus and presenters
(1979 – today)
Insights gained from ISD projects with
Product managers
Design engineers
Quality specialists
Financial specialists

7. lean “lean” is the best of both mass production and craft production
Principles and attributes of lean
Teamwork
Communication
Efficient use of resources and elimination of waste
Continuous improvement
Attributes of a lean process/methodology
Defined process/steps
Defined roles/responsibilities
Standard tools/templates
Flexible
The concept of “lean” is borrowed from the 1991 book

8. Instructional Systems Design (ISD)
More interactivity and/or testing
More effective instructional process
Focus on job performance and learning versus content
Better use of instructional media
Common ISD Benefits
Takes too long
Impossible to forecast and manage
Variable results— depends on the designer
Each designer uses his/her own process, formats, defaults, etc.
Common ISD Complaints
The bottom line: it is difficult to get consistent, reliable results implementing traditional ISD in a corporate training organization

9. lean-ISD lean applied to ISD should have beneficial impacts on Quality
Quality of final T&D products
Cycle time to develop and maintain
Costs, including first and life-cycle costs, as well as development, administration, delivery, and maintenance costs
Quality
Quantity
Cost
Time

10. The Traditional ISD Model
A-D-D-I-E – from the 1940s work of Robert Gagne, Leslie Briggs, Robert Moran, and Robert Branson A D I E
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation
Incremental new product development

11. PACT Takes Traditional ISD and Modifies It
MCD
Modular Curriculum Development
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
MCD Phase 1
Analysis
MCD Phase 2
Design
MCD Phase 3
Development/
Acquisition
MCD Phase 4
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 5
Revision &
Release
©1999 CADDI, Inc.
MCD Phase 6

12. PACT Takes Traditional ISD and Modifies It (continued)
Three levels of ISD design
CAD
Curriculum Architecture Design
CAD is a gated, systems engineering approach to the T&D product line
MCD
Modular Curriculum Development
MCD is a gated, product development process using a modular, platform design approach
IAD
Instructional Activity Development
IAD is a gated, product component development process

13. Curriculum DevelopmentSM Project Planning & Management
CADDI’s Five ISD Methodology Sets
The PACT Processes for T&D
IAD
Instructional
Activity
DevelopmentSM
MCD
Modular
Curriculum DevelopmentSM
CAD
Curriculum
Architecture
DesignSM
PACTSM
Analysis
Requirements
& Supplier
Capabilities
Project Planning & Management

14. lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D
The three levels of design are akin to systems engineering of products
Car development
Telecommunications product development
Software development
Let’s look at some examples

15. lean Car Development Example
Auto
Integrated
Systems
Design
e.g., Four-door pickup truck
System
Design &
Development
e.g., HVAC system design
e.g., Backseat fan control mechanism
Component
Design &
Development
Project Planning & Management

16. lean Telecommunications Product Development Example
Auto
Integrated
Systems
Design
e.g., Networked phone system
System
Design &
Development
e.g., Phone handset
Component
Design &
Development
e.g., “Redial” button
Project Planning & Management

17. lean Software Development Example
Auto
Integrated
Systems
Design
e.g., Integrated corporate financial system
System
Design &
Development
e.g., Spreadsheet application
Component
Design &
Development
e.g., “Cut & paste” function
Project Planning & Management

18. PACT Processes for T&D Curriculum Architecture Design (CAD)
Implementation
Planning
Project
& Kick-off
Analysis
Design
CAD Phase 1
CAD Phase 2
CAD Phase 3
CAD Phase 4
©1999 CADDI, Inc.
CAD projects produce a “systems engineering” set of specifications for a performance-based curriculum, composed of shareable and unique modules. CAD is the architectural design component of our lean-ISD methodology set within PACT.
Module Inventory
Structure
Tier 1
Tier 2
Tier 3
Tier 4
Tier 5
Framework

19. CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content
PACT Processes for T&D Curriculum Architecture Design (CAD) (continued)
Macrolevel ISD analysis and design
Systems analysis and systems engineering design of the T&D
product line
T&D Product X
T&D Product Y
Modular design product line
CAD assists in a reuse strategy for modules/chunks of T&D content

20. PACT Processes for T&D Modular Curriculum Development (MCD)
Acquisition
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
Analysis
Design
Revision &
Release
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 1
MCD Phase 2
MCD Phase 3
MCD Phase 4
MCD Phase 5
MCD Phase 6
©1999 CADDI, Inc.
Information:
Demonstration:
Application:
Lesson #:
Lesson Title:
Est. Length:
Lesson Map
of Activities
Lesson Objectives:
Upon completion of the lesson, the learner will be able to . . .
LESSON ACTIVITIES SEQUENCE
©1999 CADDI, Inc.
4/99
Page 1
REPRODUCTION WITHOUT WRITTEN AUTHORIZATION IS STRICTLY PROHIBITE D
TMC Stores 4
Interviewing Basics
85 Min . •
Apply basic interviewing principles to conduct an interview
1. Lesson open
2. Laws/regulations/codes
pertaining to interviewing
3. TMC policies relating to
interviewing
4. Interviewing steps
5. Interviewing do’s and
don'ts
6. Practice interviewing
techniques
7. Lesson close
30 min.
Simulation
2 min.
15 min.
10 min.
3 min.
Event Map
of Lessons
MCD projects produce performance-based training. MCD, like ADDIE-type ISD approaches, is the product development component of our lean-ISD methodology set within PACT.

21. PACT Processes for T&D Instructional Activity Development (IAD)
IAD produces
Performance tests
Knowledge tests
Etc.
Performance/job aids
Case studies
Performance demonstrations
Simulation exercise
Sometimes the immediate solution is partial compared to the long-term solution

22. PACT Processes for T&D Analysis
Similar front-end analyses for each PACT Process for T&D
CAD
PACT Analysis
PACT Analysis
PACT Analysis
MCD
IAD
Project Planning & Management

23. PACT Processes for T&D Analysis (continued)
Four types of ISD analyses
Target Audience Data
PACT Analysis
Performance Modeling
Knowledge/Skill Analysis
Existing T&D Assessment

24. PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management
PACT embraces
Structured processes
Predefined roles and responsibilities
Detailed planning
Continuous communications
Customer control of content/supplier control of process
CAD Subphases
MCD Subphases

25. PACT Processes for T&D Project Planning & Management (continued)
Planning and communications tools and templates help with systematic engagement of customers and stakeholders
The right people doing the right things at the right time
Tools/templates include
Interview guides
Project Plan templates
Analysis Report templates
CAD Design Document templates
MCD Design Document templates
Pilot Report
PST gate review meeting presentations

26. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases
CAD projects have a gated process model
Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points ( )

27. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases (continued)
MCD projects have a gated process model
Gates are key customer/stakeholder review/approval/decision points ( )
Analysis
Design
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
MCD Phase 1
MCD Phase 2
MCD Phase 3
Revision &
Release
MCD Phase 6
Development/
Acquisition
Pilot Test
MCD Phase 4
MCD Phase 5
©1999 CADDI, Inc.

28. PACT Processes for T&D Gated Project Phases (continued)
Each PACT Process is the starting point for situational adjustment/adaptation
Phase combinations are possible
Implementation
Planning
Project
& Kick-off
Analysis/
Design
CAD Phase 4
©1999 CADDI, Inc.
CAD Phase 1
CAD Phase 2/3
Project
Planning
& Kick-off
Analysis/
Design
MCD Phase 1
MCD Phase 2/3
Pilot Test
Development/
Acquisition
Revision &
Release
MCD Phase 4
MCD Phase 5
MCD Phase 6
©1999 CADDI, Inc.

29. PACT Processes for T&D Teams and Roles/Responsibilities
Typical Teams — CAD
Project
Steering
Team
Project Steering Team: Owns the project
Analysis
Team
Design
Analysis/Design Teams: Provide real-world input and critique
Implementation
Planning
Team
Implementation Planning Team: Prioritizes T&D gaps
Project
ISD Team
ISD Team: Facilitates the CAD methodology and project

30. PACT Processes for T&D Teams and Roles/Responsibilities (continued)
Typical Teams — MCD and IAD
Pilot -
Test
Team
Pilot-Test Team: Tests T&D for
Completeness, accuracy, and appropriateness
Effectiveness/performance impact
Project
Steering
Team
Analysis
ISD Team
Development
Development Team: Provides input to development efforts
Design
Team

31. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates
Project Planning & Management
Templates
Project Plan
Proposal
Project Steering Team review presentations
Invitation and confirmation letters
Analysis Report
Design Documents
Implementation Plans
Pilot Report
Tools and Go-by’s
Stakeholder/Customer Interview Guide
Project Plan
Proposal
Analysis Report
Design Documents
Implementation Plans
Pilot Report

32. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates (continued)
Analysis
Word Processing Templates
Analysis Team kick-off presentation
Target Audience Data
Performance Model
Knowledge/Skill Matrix
Existing T&D Assessment
Analysis Review Team presentations
Project Steering Team analysis review presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
Analysis Report sections
Analysis database

33. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates (continued)
Design
Word Processing Templates
Design Team kick-off presentation
Event Definitions
Event Specs and Maps
Module Specs and Maps
Lesson Specs and Maps
Activity Specs
Design Review Team presentation
Project Steering Team design review presentation
Tools and Go-by’s
Design Document sections
Design database

34. PACT Processes for T&D Tools and Templates (continued)
Development
Word Processing Templates
Lesson media “shells”
Exercise templates
– Various
Evaluation templates
– End of event
– End of lesson
– Debriefing guides
Tools and Go-by’s
Facilitator Guide
Participant Guide
Administrator Guide

35. Customer/Stakeholder
lean-ISD via the PACT Processes for T&D Business Benefits of PACT Processes
Customer/Stakeholder
Project is visible and predictable in terms of
– T&D quality
– Investment and
returns
– Project tasks and schedule
Provides managerial review and control points
Supplier
Puts ISD suppliers in control of instructional integrity within the parameters set by the customer
Templates and tools enable detailed project planning and communications with the customer
Learner
T&D is performance oriented and will have a positive impact on learner’s ability to perform
Modular structure provides flexibility for learner participation
Ensures voice of the customer and voice of the supplier in ISD projects

36. Key Credits and Thanks Geary A. Rummler Tom Gilbert Bill Wiggenhorn
Ray Svenson
. . . and to all those who taught me within the context of an ISD project
. . . and to ISPI for being a key learning forum for me since 1979

37. Book cover design by Dr. G.A. Rummler
Reference
CADDI’s book
Book cover design by Dr. G.A. Rummler

38. Quotes from Rummler and Lane
Geary A. Rummler from the Performance Design Lab says, “If you want to ground your fantasy of a ‘corporate university’ with the reality of a sound ‘engineering’ approach to instructional systems that will provide results, you should learn about the CADDI system. If you are the leader of, or a serious participant in, the design and implementation of a large-scale corporate curriculum, then this book is for you. This system could be the difference between achieving bottom-line results with your training or being just another ‘little red school house.’ ”
Miki Lane, senior partner at MVM The Communications Group says, “lean-ISD takes all of the theory, books, courses, and pseudo job aids that are currently on the market about Instructional Systems Design and blows them out of the water. Previous ‘systems’ approach books showed a lot of big boxes and diagrams that would supposedly help the reader become proficient in the design process. Here is a book that actually includes all of the information that fell through the cracks of other ISD training materials and shows you the way to actually get from one step to another. Guy adds all of the caveats and tips he has learned in more than 20 years of ISD practice and sprinkles them as job aids and stories throughout the book. However, the most critical part of the book for me was that Guy included the project and people management elements of ISD in the book. Too often, ISD models and materials forget that we are working with real people in getting the work done. This book helps explain and illustrate best practices in ensuring success in ISD projects.”

39. lean-ISD Summary The PACT Processes for T&D include
A blend of the best of both craft and mass production approaches, applied to ISD
Common process
Gated process models
Use of teams
Use of tools and templates
Multilevel design
hierarchy used to ensure
platform, modular,
integrated ISD

40. lean-ISD
Thank You!