1. Organic Chemistry
Carbon-based molecules – What we are made of!

2. Learning Focus
Describe the structure of important biochemical compound – carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids and explain their function within the cells
Identify common functional groups within biological molecules, and explain their contributions to the function of each molecule.
Identify and describe the main types of biochemical reactions: acid-base, oxidation-reduction, hydrolysis, and condensation
Draw 3D molecular models of important biochemical compounds.

3. Carbon – Central Element of Life
Backbone of all organic molecules
Carbon forms four chemical bonds:
Note: the 3-D shape of a molecule influences its behaviour and function
Hydrocarbons – share similar properties – non-polar, low-boiling points, and are flammable
- Covalent bonds b/w carbon and hydrogen are very energy rich – make good fuels
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4. The Role of Carbon Backbone of all organic molecules
Can form long chains, ring structures, and complex 3D shapes
Note: the 3-D shape of a molecule influences its behaviour and function
Hydrocarbons – share similar properties – non-polar, low-boiling points, and are flammable
- Covalent bonds b/w carbon and hydrogen are very energy rich – make good fuels
Source:

5. The Role of Carbon Carbon’s bonds can be single, double or triple
Source:
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- Bond energy changes b/w single, double, triple bonded compounds – require energy to break bonds, energy is released to form bonds. Harder to break a bond means molecule/compound is more stable
Which bond do you think takes more energy to break?

6. Types of Organic Molecules
Organic compounds with only Hydrogen and Carbon are called Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon types:
Alkanes (single bonds)
Alkenes (double bonds)
Alkynes (triple bonds)
Hydrocarbon = non-polar covalent
Other organic compounds are classified by their functional group
Acetylene
Source for wiki:
Hydrocarbons – share similar properties – non-polar, low-boiling points, and are flammable
- Covalent bonds b/w carbon and hydrogen are very energy rich – make good fuels

7. Functional groups
A group of atoms within an organic compound that give the compound it’s characteristic chemical and physical properties is called a functional group
Functional groups are where much of the bonding i.e. reactions) takes place in biological molecules.
They are attached to the carbon backbone of organic molecules
- Certain chemical properties are always associated with certain functional groups; groups provide the molecules they are bonded with, with the same chemical property
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8. Common Functional groups

9. Skeletal Organic Molecules
Illustrations that “assume” hydrogen
Example:

10. Practice Questions
Identify the circled functional groups

11. Identify as many functional groups as you can:

12. Read pg. 26 on bonding capacity
Pg 27 – Understanding concepts - Practice
Bonding capacity – Tip
One way to remember the bonding capacity of the most 4 common elements in order is through the acronym HONC (pronounced “HONK”).
H = 1, O = 2, N = 3, C = 4