1. Geography Chapter 11 & 12
Chapter ; ; ; ;
Chapter ;

2. 11-1.1
Pages

3. 1) As you read describe the physical geography of Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.
A. Landforms
B. Bodies of Water
C. Population

4. Russia is the largest country in the world; one-sixth of earth’s surface.

5. Landforms: Plains; North European, West Siberian: Mountains: Caucasus, Urals: Plateaus: Central Siberian.

6. Coastlines: Pacific, Caspian, Black, Artic, Baltic.

7. Population: majority lives in west.

8. The Ural Mountains separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain.

9. Russia has few ports because ice-blocked coastline.

10. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia are located in the Caucasus Mountains.

11. Steppes are very large plains, mostly used for agriculture and grazing.

12. The countries of Central Asia are named for their largest ethnic group.

13. The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan isolated from other countries.

14. 11.1.1
Summary: Russia and the Eurasian republics cover about one-sixth of the land surface of the entire earth and contain a variety of geographic features. The region’s size and geography have limited population.
Landforms
Bodies of Water
Population
Plains
Oceans
Population is denser in the west and southwest
Mountains
Seas
Population is limited in higher elevations and desert
Steppes
rivers
Plateaus
lakes
deserts

15. Pages

16. 2) As you read give a summary of about the extreme climates in Russia; Write answers in complete sentences.
A. Temperature
B. Latitudes
D. Moisture Levels

17. High latitudes and arctic winds give northern Russia a cold climate.

18. Tundra is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions.

19. Permafrost is ground that is always frozen, which makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals.

20. Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the permafrost prevents their roots from pushing deep.

21. Scientists think climate change might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw.

22. 11.1.2
Temperature: Permanently frozen or up to 100° F.
Latitudes: Most of the region is high latitudes: artic winds, little daylight; a lot of snow
Moisture level: Dry and arid to humid and temperate; no dry season to cold polar: tundra and ice.
Climate Regions: The region is a land of extreme climates.
Russia and the Eurasian republics region has a vast expanse of permafrost at one extreme and large areas of high desert temperatures at the other. Winters are cold and dark in the northern latitudes and much of land is not protected from artic winds. This climate makes agriculture impossible. In the arid regions to the south, the harsh heat also prevents agriculture. People can farm in the western plains and steppes.

23. Pages

24. 3) As you read give details about Russia’s resources: Write answers in complete sentences.
A. Energy
B. Mineral
C. Other.

25. Russian Energy Resources Coal, Oil, Natural Gas.

26. Russian Mineral Resources Iron, Aluminum, Gold.

27. Other Russian Recourses are Fish and Forest Products.

28. Taiga is a forested area south of the tundra.

29. Russia's hydroelectric plants use water power to generate electricity.

30. Peat is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel.

31. Energy
Minerals
Other
Coal: the map show that coal is mined in southern Russia and Kazakhstan
Iron: Iron is a metallic ore
Fish: Fish are shown in the map for the Arctic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Oil: Russia is a leading producer of oil.
Aluminum: Aluminum is also a metallic ore used in industrial development.
Forest Products: The forest product symbol is on the map in southern Russia.
Natural gas: Natural gas is a nonrenewable fuel.
Gold, copper, or any of the metallic ores listed in section: Gold is a metallic ore. Copper and other ores were found in Afghanistan.
Diamonds: Eastern Siberia has the world’s largest diamond pit mine.
Peat: Russia has large amounts of peat, which is burned like coal.

32. 11-1.5
Pages

33. 1) As you read compare and contrast Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; Write answers in complete sentences.
A. Kazakhstan
B. Uzbekistan
C. Both
Summary:

34. The Aral Sea has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since 1960.

35. Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea
Kazakhstan built a dam to save the Aral Sea. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

36. Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone
Uzbekistan South Aral Sea is nearly gone. Central Asian Country Semiarid or Arid (dry) livestock Gazing irrigation

37. Pages

38. 2) As you read give three details of the Soviet Union’s rise and fall; Write answers in complete sentences.
A. Stalin
B. Cold War
C. Gorbachev

39. Republics came under control of Moscow and the Soviet Union.

40. The Soviet Union
Bolsheviks led the Russian Revolution believed that a communist form of government and a socialist economic system were the answers to the problems of the industrial Revolution
Communism: a single political party that controls the government and economy.
Socialism is a system in which the government controls economic resources.

41. Josef Stalin ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953.

42. The government decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union.

43. Factories were also run collectively
Factories were also run collectively. Collectives are planning the future economic development of the country.

44. The Cold War was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly.

45. Mikhail Gorbachev tried to reform the Soviet economy and government.

46. Glasnost was a political reform (encouraged free speech), and perestroika was an economic reform (focused on restructuring)

47. The reforms Gorbachev unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government.

48. The Soviet Union collapse in 1991.

49. The Soviet Union controlled the region form 1922 until 1991.
As you read design a web to make generalizations about the Soviet Union. Have at least 4 Important facts.
The Soviet Union controlled the region form 1922 until 1991.

50. Something extra Chapter 11
Scientist are concerned about the possible release of methane into the atmosphere from Siberia contributes to global warming.
As Mongol rule weakened Moscow gained power.

51. Pages

52. 1) As you read describe the climate and cultures of Russia. Write answers in complete sentences.
A D.
B E.
C F.

53. Siberian nomads move from place to place to find food according to the season, 30 different peoples, live in tundra and taiga.

54. Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture does climate affect. Russian nomads get their food and clothing from the animals they herd (reindeer).

55. Many of the people in Central Asia are livestock herders (sheep, camels, cattle, horses).

56. Many herders now live in rural villages in mud brick homes.

57. Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the steppes.

58. Peasants farmed lived in small villages later worked for landlords and became serfs.

59. Russian peasant farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today.

60. Pages

61. 2) As you read list causes and effects of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Write answers in complete sentences.
A D.
B E.
C F.

62. The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was economic problems and shortages

63. One of Mikhail Gorbachev’s ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy (Perestroika and Glasnost).

64. Gorbachev's new policy of openness result in protests for freedom.

65. The Soviet Communist attempted a coup against Gorbachev.

66. The fall of the Berlin Wall made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe.

67. Mikhail Gorbachev knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in 1991.

68. One cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was the separate republics wanted independence.

69. After the Soviet Union’s collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries.

70. Economic problems: large gap between rich and poor; increased corruption and organized crime,

71. unemployment; ethnic groups still want independence still exist in Russia years after the Soviet Union’s collapse.

72. Chechnya wants to gain independence from Russia.

73. Something Extra Chapter 12
The Trans-Siberian Railroad was built by peasants, convicts, and soldiers.
The Trans-Siberian Railroad is about 6,000 miles long.
Much of the oil from the Caspian Sea is transported to other countries by pipelines.

74. Copy questions and underline answers.
Geography Review
Copy questions and underline answers.

75. ___________________ are very large plains. 311

76. The _____________________ divide European Russia from Asian Russia. 311

77. The mountains and deserts of central Asia keep ___________________ and __________________ isolated from other countries. 311

78. The ______________________ separates the Northern European Plain from the West Siberian Plain. 311

79. ____________________ is the largest country in the world. 311

80. Scientists think ______________________ might be causing Siberia’s permafrost to thaw. 312

81. _____________________ is the name for very old decayed plant material burned as fuel. 314

82. ______________________ makes it difficult to drill and build mines this keeps Russia from obtaining some of its minerals. 312

83. ____________________ is a forested area south of the tundra. 313

84. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia located in the ________________________. 311

85. The countries of Central Asia named for their largest ____________________. 311

86. The ___________________ are mostly used for agriculture and grazing

87. _________________ is the flat land found in arctic and subarctic regions. 312

88. ___________________ ground that is always frozen. 312

89. Russia has few ports because ________________ coastline. 311

90. ___________________ and ________________ give northern Russia have such a cold climate. 312

91. Trees do not grow in the far northern part of Russia because the __________________ prevents their roots from pushing deep

92. Russia's _______________________ plants use water power to generate electricity. 314

93. _________________ caused the Aral Sea to shrink. 318

94. Moscow gained power as _________________ rule weakened. 321

95. The ______________ destroyed the city of Kiev. 320

96. The ___________________ has shrunk greatly because of water loss from irrigation. 318

97. Russians called their monarch ______________. 321

98. Trade goods and ideas traveled thousands of miles along the ____________________. 320

99. Livestock grazing is the best economic activity suited to the arid regions of ______________________. 318

100. The ___________________ has shrank to a fraction of its former size because of irrigation since

101. Most people in Russia live in _______________. 322

102. _________________ were the ethnic group built towns in early Russia

103. Scientists are concerned about the possible release of _______________ into the atmosphere from Siberia because It can contribute to global warming

104. ___________________ is the main religion of
Central Asia. 321

105. __________ best describes the climate of much of Central Asia. 318

106. ___________________ is a greenhouse gas scientists suspect is being released from Siberian lakes. 319

107. The best description of __________________ is one political party controls the government and economy. 328

108. Because of the _______________________ the czar was overthrown, and a communist government was formed. 326

109. A __________________ government was established after the Russian Revolution. 326

110. _____________________ ruled as a total dictator of the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953. 328

111. The _____________________ was a period of tension and conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States, in which the two nations did not fight each other directly. 328

112. The _______________________ decided which crops to grow on the collective farms of the Soviet Union. 328

113. Cold winter is a geographic characteristic of Russia helped defeat _________________. 324

114. _____________________ became the main religion of European Russia in the 900s. 322

115. ____________________ free the serfs to work in industry. 326

116. ___________________ repeated Napoleon’s mistake by invading Russia in winter during World War II. 325

117. The _________________ were a political group that began the Russian Revolution. 326

118. __________________ tried to make Russia more Western. 322

119. The Russians adopted the scorched earth policy when _______________ invaded. 325

120. ___________________________ tried to reform the Soviet economy and government. 329
The Soviet Union collapse in _________________
__________________ was a political reform, and ____________________ was an economic reform. 329
The reforms _______________________ unleashed pent-up emotions about the economy and government. 329
Russian _______________ get their food and clothing from the animals they herd. 334
Food, clothing, and shelter are parts of people’s culture __________________ does affect. 334
Many of the people in ______________________ are livestock herders
Rich soil and moderate climate promotes farming on the _________________. 334
 Siberian ______________________ move from place to place to find food according to the season
Russian _____________________ farmers work for corporations or individuals who own farms today
______________________ and ______________________ made laying the Trans-Siberian Railroad track so difficult. 336
The __________________________ Railroad is the world’s longest railroad. 336
It took __________ years to build the Trans-Siberian Railroad
_________________________ goals for St. Petersburg are similar to those of Peter the Great, Putin wanted the city to be a center for diplomacy and a link to the West, much as Peter the Great did. 336
Peasants, convicts and soldiers built the _____________________________
The Trans-Siberian Railroad moved ___________________________ people to Siberia. 336
The Trans-Siberian Railroad is ____________________ miles long. 336
Russian train tracks are wider than __________________ and ____________________ tracks
The Trans-Siberian Railroad links __________________ to ____________________ for trade this helps the world economy. 336

121. _______________________ is known as a cultural center because of its museums, universities, theaters and music. 338
Peter the Great build St. Petersburg near the __________________ and Europe
 In 2003, _________________ want St. Petersburg to become center for world diplomacy
The major causes of the Soviet Union’s decline in the 1970s and 1980s was ___________________ and _________________. 340
_________________ knew he had lost his power so he resign as president of the Soviet Union in
_______________ new policy of openness result in protests for freedom. 340
One of _________________________ ideas for reform was to reduce government control of economy
__________________ wants to gain independence from Russia
The fall of the _______________________ made Communists lose control of Eastern Europe. 341
After the ____________________________ collapse in 1991, their republics became independent countries
 One cause of the collapse of the _______________________ was the separate republics wanted independence. 341
__________________ and ______________________ leaders are elected today in Russia
The _____________________ and ___________________ hold most of the power in Russia today. 342
The Russian Government has ___________________ of government. 342
Everyone ______________ and older can vote in Russia. 342
Russia’s constitution of 1993 set up a ___________________
 The ____________________ is most like Russia’s Federal Assembly. 342

122. Most of Russia’s oil come from _____________________. 344
Russia export natural gas and oil through _________________
________ and ________________ are Russia’s greatest sources of wealth
Oil and gas is found the area near the ____________________ so valuable. 344
Much of the oil from the _______________________ transported to other countries by pipelines. 344
__________________ learn to use more advanced nuclear technology from Chernobyl. 347
A nuclear reactor exploded at __________________. 347
_____________________________ from Chernobyl still affect the area, because it takes so long to disappear. 347
After the disaster at Chernobyl wind pushed a radioactive cloud to _________________________