1. English Political Revolution
WEEK 6

2. II. The Restoration and the Glorious Revolution
The Restoration settlement
Political Settlement
Religious settlement
Financial settlement
B. The Glorious Revolution
C. The Hanoverian regime

3. Restoration/18th Century Monarchs
Charles II ( )
James II ( )

4. Charles II ( )
Nicknamed “the Merry Monarch” because he restored the theatres (comedies favored), sporting events, dancing, merrymaking in the country.
He had the body of Oliver Cromwell disinterred, hanged, and beheaded in 1661.
He was received into the Roman Catholic church just before his death

5. The Triennal Act (Parl to convene every 7 years)
King in need of money > arrangement with Louis XIV
King
Parliament
Freedom of conscience/Catholicism
Church of England
1671: James converted to Catholicism
The Clarendon Code ( ) = restored Anglicanism as the established religion
1672: Royal Declaration of Indulgence
The Test Act 1673 imposed stiff penalties on nonconformists
1681: Charles II dissolved Parlt
1678= Exclusion Bill
1687: Royal Declaration of Indulgence

6. The Glorious Revolution
William and Mary ( )
= a non-violent Revolution
1689: The Bill of Rights
1689: Toleration Act but 1673 Test Act still in practice
+ reinforced against Catholics until 1828
1701: Act of Settlement = exclusion of Catholics from the throne

7. Queen Anne ( )
King William III died childless and throne passed to Anne (James II’s daughter)
Devout Anglican
Had 16 children all died—no heir to throne

8. Restoration/18th Century Monarchs
George I ( )
George II ( )
George III ( )
William IV ( )
The son of Princess Sophia, who was the grand-daughter of England's King James I
George IV ( )

9. The heritage of the Glorious Revolution
Parliamentary sovereignty
A constitutional monarchy
Crown-in-Parliament (dual sovereignty)
New party politics whigs/tories
Emergence of the Prime Minister
Cabinet system of Government

10. Whigs Tories Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites
Both relatively conservative & upper-class bias, anti-Catholic at times
Opposition to absolutism parliament
Power residing in people
Gentry
Career politicians
Non-Anglicans (dissenters)
Expansion of suffrage, industrialists and urban dwellers
Evolved into Liberal Party
Robert Walpole first PM
Supported the monarchy (the Stuarts) = Jacobites
Established Church
Associated with “old” landowning gentry against ‘new money’/Workers against industrialists  supported status quo & privileges & exclusions
Evolved into Conservative Party

11. Sir Robert Walpole
The leader of the dominant party in the House of Commons
Restored the national economy
Kept Britain out of war > had to resign in 1742

12. Act of Union 1707 St George - England St Andrew -Scotland
1st Union Flag
Add St Patrick’s cross = Union Flag
- 1543: England + Wales
- 1603 : Union of the Crowns (James VI of Scotand becomes James I of England)
- 1707: Parliamentary union of Scotland + England
1782 : legislative independence of Ireland
- 1801: Act of Union: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
1922: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1997: Devolution

13. The Enlightenment
Human reason could be used to combat ignorance, superstition, and tyranny
≠ Religion (the Catholic Church in France) + the domination of society by a hereditary aristocracy.
Voltaire
Rousseau
Locke
Diderot