1. Subject Name: Computer Communication Networks Subject Code: 10EC71
Prepared By: Kala H S & Megha Gupta
Department: ECE
Date:
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2. Unit - 6 LOGICAL ADDRESSING
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3. TOPICS TO BE COVERED
IPv4 Addresses
IPv6 Addresses
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4. IPv4 ADDRESSES
An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet.
An Ipv4 address is 32 bits long.
The address space of IPv4 is or 4,294,967,296.
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5. Address Space
An address space is the total number of addresses used by the protocol.
If a protocol uses N bits to define an address, the address space is 2N because each bit can have two different values (0 or 1) and N bits can have 2N values.
The address space of IPv4 is 232 or 4,294,967,296.
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6. Notations
There are two notations to show an IPv4 address: Binary Notation and Dotted –Decimal Notation.
BINARY NOTATION
The IPv4 address is displayed as 32 bits.
DOTTED-DECIMAL NOTATION
The IPv4 address is written in decimal form with a decimal point (dot) separating the bytes to make IPv4 address compact and easy to read.
Dotted-decimal notation and binary notation for an IPv4 address:
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7. Classful Addressing
In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E.
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8. Number of blocks and block size in classful IPv4 addressing:
In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were wasted.
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9. Default masks for classful addressing:
Classful addressing, which is almost obsolete, is replaced with classless addressing.
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10. Classless Addressing
In classless addressing , there are no classes, but the addresses are still granted in blocks.
In IPv4 addressing, a block of addresses can be defined as x.y.z.t /n in which x.y.z.t defines one of the addresses and the /n defines the mask.
The first address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 0s.
The last address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 1s.
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11. Network Address Translation
NAT enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and one address or small set of address externally.
Addresses for private networks
A NAT implementation
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12. NAT address translation
Addresses in a NAT
NAT address translation
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13. IPv6 ADDRESSES An IPv6 address consists of 16 bytes (octets)
An Ipv6 address is 128 bits long.
It specifies hexadecimal colon notation. In this notation 128 bits is divided into eight sections, each two bytes in length.
Abbreviated IPv6 addresses
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14. Prefixes for provider based unicast address
Multicast address in Ipv6
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15. Reserved addresses in Ipv6
Local addresses in IPv6
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16. IPv4
The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the delivery mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocols.
Datagram
Packets in the IPv4 layer are called datagrams.
A datagram is a variable length packet consisting of two parts: header and data.
The header is 20 to 60 bytes in length and contains information essential to routing and delivery.
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17. Fragmentation
A datagram can travel through different networks. Each router decapsulates the IPv4 datagram from the frame it receives , processes it, and then encapsulates it in another frame.
Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU)
Fragmentation example
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18. IPv6
Packet format
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19. Acknowledgement : MY SINCERE THANKS TO By Kala H S & Megha Gupta
THE AUTHOR PROF.BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN. BECAUSE THE ABOVE PRESENTATION MATERIALS ARE HEAVILY BORROWED FROM HIS TEXTBOOK “DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING” 4TH EDITION, PUBLISHER TATA MCGRAW HILL
SURESHA V. PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF E&C, KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. SULLIA, D.K By
Kala H S & Megha Gupta
Assistant Professor
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