1. Warm - Up Homework None tonight
What are the properties of life according to you?
(These are the properties that all living things have in common.)
Homework
None tonight
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2. Biology – The Study of Life
Life arose more than 3.5 billion years ago
First organisms (living things) were single celled
Only life on Earth for millions of years
Organisms changed over time (evolved)
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New organisms arose from older kinds
Today there are millions of species
They inhabit almost every region of Earth today
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4. Seven Properties of Life
Order
Use Energy
(Cellular Respiration)
Growth\Development
Store Information
Respond to Stimulus
Reproduction
Adaptation
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5. Order: Matter, Energy and Organization
Living things are highly organized
An organism's/it’s structures form (or the way it is shaped) will determine its function.
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Order: Structure and Function of Cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
All organisms are made of cells and develop from one cell
Most composed of only a single cell (unicellular) which is usually identical to parent
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Order:
Cells
Some organisms are composed of many cells (multicellular)
Cells are different (undergo differentiation)
Cells are small
Cells are highly organized
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Order:
Cells contain specialized structures (organelles) that carry out the cell’s life processes
Many different kinds of cells exist
All cells are surrounded by a plasma membrane
Cells Contain a set of instructions called DNA (genetic information)
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Energy
ALL energy comes from the SUN (directly or indirectly)
Photosynthesis is the process by which some organisms capture the energy from the sun (solar) and transform it into energy (chemical) that can be used by living things
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Energy:
Autotrophs
Organisms that make their own food are called autotrophs
Phototrophs – use solar energy (photosynthesis) to get energy
Convert H2O and CO2 into sugar and O2
Chemotrophs – use different chemical processes to get energy
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Energy:
Heterotrophs
Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs are called heterotrophs Consume autotrophs (herbivores), other heterotrophs (carnivores) or both (omnivores) for their energy needs
Complex Molecules chemicals from prey are broken down and reassembled into molecules and structures needed by organisms
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12. Development and Growth
All living things grow or get bigger. Even single celled organisms do so after splitting.
Most organisms develop or change/mature while growing.
To develop is to change your behavior and/or structures over time
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Store Information:
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Genetic Information in all cells
DNA contains instructions for traits GENES
Store the information to make the structures and complex chemicals necessary for life PROTEINS
DNA in every body cell (SOMATIC CELLS) is exactly alike
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Respond to Stimulus
Respond to stimuli in the external and internal environment
Detect and respond to changes in the environment like light, heat, sound and chemical and mechanical contact
Coordinates it’s responses
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15. Respond to Stimulus (Homeostasis)
Organisms must Maintain very stable internal conditions - HOMEOSTASIS
Like temperature, water content, pH, chemical content, etc. must be maintained at specific ranges
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16. Reproduction and Inheritance
Reproduce:
Reproduction and Inheritance
All organisms produce new organisms like themselves REPRODUCE
Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring INHERITANCE
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Reproduce:
Sexual Reproduction
Hereditary information from two different organisms of the same species are combined
Egg and sperm  zygote (fertilized egg)
Zygote contains hereditary information from both parents
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Reproduction:
Asexual Reproduction
Hereditary information from one, usually unicellular, organism that divides
Resulting cells contain identical hereditary information
Genetic information from single parent
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Adaption:
Evolution
Populations of organisms change (evolve) over generations (time)
Explains how many different kinds of organisms came into existence SPECIES
Explains how modern organisms are related to past organisms
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Adaptation Evolution
Explains why organisms look and behave the way they do
Provides a basis for exploring the relationships among different groups of organisms
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Adaptation:
Natural Selection
Natural selection is the driving force in evolution
Organisms that have certain favorable traits, for a given environment, will successfully reproduce more than organisms that lack these traits
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Adaptation:
Natural Selection
Survival of organisms with favorable traits cause a gradual change in populations over many generations
Also Called “Survival of the Fittest”
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23. Characteristics of Life
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Order (Cells)
All living things are composed of cells
In multicellular organisms, many are specialized to perform specific functions
Cells are always very small
The size of multi- celled organisms depends on the number of cells NOT their size
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Order
Organized at both the molecular and cellular levels
Take in substances from the environment and organize them in complex ways
Specific cell structures (organelles) carry out particular functions
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In multicellular organisms, cells and groups of cells (tissues) are organized by their function
Cells  tissues
Tissues  organs
Organs 
systems
Systems 
ORGANISM
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Use Energy
Use energy in a process called metabolism
Sum of all chemical processes
Require energy to maintain their molecular and cellular organization, grow and reproduce
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Responds to stimulus:
Example-Homeostasis
Maintain stable internal conditions
Temperature, pH, etc.
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Growth and Development:
Growth
Grow occurs as the result of cell division and cell enlargement
Cell division is the formation of two cells from a preexisting cell
New cells enlarge as they mature
When a cell grows to a size where its surface area isn’t big enough for its volume, the cell divides
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Growth and Development:
Development
The process by which an adult organism arise is called development
Repeated cell divisions and cell differentiation
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Reproduction
All species have the ability to reproduce
Not essential to survival of individual but is essential for continuation of a species
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Adaptation:
Evolve
Ability to adapt to their environment through the process of evolution
Favorable characteristics are selected for and passed on to offspring
Called adaptations
Driven by natural selection or “survival of the fittest”
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