1. Chapter 6
Bonds

2. Chemical Bonds The force that holds atoms together.
Formed by the interaction of electrons between 2 or more atoms.

3. Chemical Bonds
Electrons travel around the nucleus in areas called energy levels.
Each energy level has a specific number of electrons it can hold at any time

4. Chemical Bonds
The first energy level (the one that is closest to the nucleus) can hold up to 2 electrons.
The second energy level can hold up to 8 electrons.

5. Chemical Bonds
A partially filled energy level is not as stable as an energy level that is empty or completely filled.
Atoms become more stable by forming chemical bonds, which result from losing electrons or attracting electrons from other atoms.

6. Chemical Bonds
It is the forming of these bonds that stores the energy necessary for life processes
And it is the breaking of these bonds that release this energy.

7. Chemical Bonds There are 2 main types of bonds: Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds

8. Covalent Bonds Formed when electrons are shared
These shared electrons can form
Single bonds
Double bonds
Triple Bonds
A molecule is a substance in which the atoms are held together by covalent bonds.

9. Ionic Bonds
An Ionic Bond is an electrical attraction between two ions (which are oppositely charged atoms)
Some atoms tend to donate or accept electrons more easily than other atoms.

10. Ionic Bonds
Metals tend to donate electrons and therefore become positively charged
Which are called cations
Non-metals tend to accept electrons and therefore become negatively charged
Which are called anions

11. How to tell if it is Covalent vs. Ionic
Covalent is the bond between 2 non-metals
Ionic is the bond between a metal and non-metal