1. Endocrine Lab
Exercise 68

2. The endocrine system, acting with the nervous system, helps coordinate and integrate the activity of the body’s cells.
Nervous system = electro-chemical
Chemical “messengers” = neurotransmitters
Endocrine system = chemical
Chemical “messengers” = hormones
Hormone (greek) meaning “to arouse”

3. The Endocrine System
Uses chemical messages (hormones) that are released into the blood
Hormones control several major processes
Reproduction
Growth and development
Mobilization of body defenses
Maintenance of much of homeostasis
Regulation of metabolism

4. Hormone Overview Hormones are produced by specialized cells
Cells secrete hormones into extracellular fluids
Blood transfers hormones to target sites
These hormones regulate the activity of other cells

5. Location of Major Endocrine Organs

6. Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
Anterior pituitary
Posterior
pituitary

7. Histology of Pituitary Gland
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH
GH, prolactin

8. Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands

9. Thyroid Gland

10. Histology of Thyroid gland
*Follicular Cells synthesize follicular products
*Thyroglobulin is the stored form of T3 and T4
*C Cells produce calcitonin

11. Parathyroid Gland

12. Chief Cells
Oxyphil Cells

13. Thymus Gland
trabeculae
cortex
medulla

14. Thymus Gland
Hassal’s corpuscle

15. Adrenal Gland sympathetic ganglion Mineralocorticoids “salt”
Modified
sympathetic
ganglion
Mineralocorticoids
“salt”
Glucocortiocoids
“sugar”
Gonadocorticoids
“sex”

16. Pancreas
(glucagon)

19. Pancreas exocrine: acini endocrine: islets of Langerhans

20. Ovary

21. Histology of Ovary
Follicles = egg surrounded by granulosa cells

22. Testes