1. Session 9 “ICTs for Development” course
The Future of ICT4D
Session 9
“ICTs for Development” course
Aim – to understand emerging digital development models
Objectives – participants will be able to:
- Identify key technological trends of relevance to the future of ICT4D
Explain the technologies, innovations and challenges of Development 2.0
- Explain the technologies, innovations and challenges of data-intensive development
- Explain the technologies, innovations and challenges of open development
- Consider the terminology of ICT4D’s future

2. The Future of “D” UN / World Bank BRICS Private Sector Aid MDGs SDGs
9.1. Future Directions in ICT4D
Trends in development: smaller role for traditional actors and aid; larger role for emergent actors and private capital flows.
MDGs
SDGs

3. The Future of “ICT” DISCUSSION
Read Section 9.1 text on ICTs. Which of the ten technologies do you think will be most important to the future of socio-economic development? Why?
>No right/wrong answer; key is to understand technological trends and their implications for development
Source: NetHope 2015

4. Technologies of Web 2.0 / Development 2.0
Communication
Cooperation
Combination
Collaboration
Connection
9.2. Development 2.0
Definition of Development 2.0 from Section 9.2 text.
The Technologies of Development 2.0
Five categories of Web 2.0 technology. Use definitions and examples from Section text:
Communication
++Cooperation
++Collaboration
++Connection
++Combination
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5. Development 2.0 Innovation A: Users as Digital Producers
Creator
Enabler
Producer
Innovator
Category
Role
Development 2.0 Innovations
Users as digital producers: explanation from Section text.

6. Development 2.0 Innovation B: The Power of the Crowd
The power of the crowd: explanation from Section text.
Source: Eng 2012

7. Development 2.0 Innovation C: Digital Participation
Digital participation: explanation from Section text.
Image source:

8. Development 2.0 Innovation D: Network Structures
Network structures: explanation from Section text.
EXERCISE
Select four examples (e.g. from Section text) and get students to match examples to the Development 2.0 innovation categories.
Image sources:

9. Challenges of Development 2.0
Structure
System
Technology
Processes
Agency (Motivation and Capacity)
Content
REPRODUCTION
Content Quality
AMPLIFICATION
Technological Divides
Social Divides
The Challenges of Development 2.0
Explain overview model, and identify types of Development 2.0 challenge (explain using Section text):
++Motivation shortfalls
++Social divides
++Technological divides
++Content quality
From these see two Development 2.0 patterns (explain using Section text):
++Reproduction
++Amplification
Motivational Shortfalls

10. IBM’s Four Vs of Data 9.3. Data-Intensive Development
Data always present in development but growing salience: data-intensive development.
The Technologies of Data-Intensive Development
EXERCISE
Read first paragraph of Section and overview content of Section
i. What are the four Vs of data-intensive development and which one is different from the four Vs offered by IBM (see slide)?
>Volume, Velocity, Variety, Visibility
>Swapped visibility – which tells us about open data – for veracity, which was not really a trend but a challenge
ii. What are the four innovative types of data for data-intensive development?
>Big data, Real-time data, Diverse data, Open data
Image source:

11. Big Data for Development
Data-Intensive Development Innovations
Big data for development: explain innovation and Ivory Coast example from Section text.
Source: Gutierrez et al 2013 adapted in ITU 2014

12. Real-Time Data for Development
Real-time data for development: explain concept and Indonesia example from Section text.
Source: UNGP 2011

13. Diverse Data for Development
Diverse data for development: explain concept and Haiti example from Section text.
Source: Bengtsson et al 2011

14. Open Data for Development
Open data for development: explain concept and Indonesia example from Section text.
Source: Brajawidagda & Chatfield 2014

15. Challenges of Data-Intensive Development A
Learning
Information
Knowledge
Decision
Action
Results
The Challenges of Data-Intensive Development
Examples of information value chain categories of challenge to data-intensive development (see Section text):
- Data quality and quantity
- Data to information techniques and technologies
- Absence of knowledge/understanding

16. Challenges of Data-Intensive Development B
Learning
Information
Knowledge
Decision
Action
Results
Key:
EXERCISE
What does this diagram suggest about the current focus of data-for-development initiatives, and about whether or not they are delivering development results?
 >See Section text: ‘upstream’ not ‘downstream’ focus
Development Initiatives
Open Development in Developing Countries
Global Pulse
Adapted from Heeks 2014e

17. Open Development Degree of Openness Open Participation
E.g. development of open source software
E.g. production of open educational resources
E.g. e-participation in governance
Open Access
E.g. use of open source software
E.g. use of open educational resources
E.g. e-accountability of government
Open Technologies
Open Content
Open Processes
Source Entity
9.4. Open Development
Open development = application of open models to international development.
Typology of open development: explain dimensions of Table 9.1 using Section 9.4 text.

18. Open Technologies 9.4.1. The Technologies of Open Development
Explain using Section text.

19. Open Development Innovations
Open Technologies
Open Content
Open Processes
Open Source Hardware
Open Access Research Publications
Open Innovation
Open Production
Open Source Software
Open Science
Open Educational Resources
Open Government
Open Education
Open Data
Open Development Innovations
EXERCISE
Categorise each of the following open development innovations into either open technologies, open content, or open processes.
Open source hardware
Open innovation
Open production
Open access research publications
Open educational resources
Open science
Open government and open data
Open education
Open source software

20. Challenges of Open Development 1
Quality and Cost
Incomplete Value Chains
Too Much Openness?
The Challenges of Open Development
Four main challenges (see Section text):
++Quality and cost
++Incomplete value chains
++Too much openness

21. Challenges of Open Development 2
Closed Logic
Open Logic
Values
Practices
Organisations
Individuals
Institutional Logic
Values
Practices
Organisations
Individuals
Institutional Logic
Fourth challenge: clashes of institutional logics – illustrate with iDart example in Section text.
Domination of Closed Logic
Hybrid Logic
Domination of Open Logic

22. The Future of Development
The Future of (ICT4)D
Development 2.0
The Future of ICT4D
ICT4D 2.5 or ICT4D 3.0
The Future of Development
Digital Development
9.5. ICT4D 3.0, Development 2.0 or Digital Development?
Discuss different terminologies of the future of ICT4D: use Section 9.5 text.