1. 138kV/13.8kV Substation Design Project
Team : sdmay18-06
Advisor : Professor Venktaramana Ajjarapu
Client : Black & Veatch
Project Website :
Introduce team members - Andrew, Brent, Eric, Gavin, Terry Terry
Client contact person: Adam and cole

2. The Team Andrew Brown: AutoCAD Director, Design Engineer
Gavin Christenson: Chief Design Engineer
Eric Fritz: Meeting & Communication Director
Brent Hines: Project Lead, Materials, Design Engineer
Weng Hoong Loo: Scheduling & Resource Manager, Design Engineer
Andrew Brown
Brent Hines
Gavin Christenson Eric Fritz Weng Loo (Terry)

3. Project Plan

4. Problem Statement - Safe Distribution of Electricity
Purpose
Design substation protection and control systems for Black & Veatch
Safely turns 138 kV into 13.8 kV
Protection from internal and external factors
Benefits
Decreases grid strain through localized distribution
Safely distribute electricity to consumers
Brent

5. Substation Design
A Substation is consisted of various electrical equipment which either steps- up or steps-down voltage for transmission or distribution in order to prevent power losses as well as providing power at a safe level for consumers.
Terry

6. Substation Protection and Control Main Equipments
Power Transformers
Current Transformer
Circuit Breakers
Disconnection Switches
Circuit Switches
Lightning arresters
Control House
Gavin

7. Deliverables Protection and Control Design
One Line Diagram
Key Protection Plan
Three Line Diagram
AC Schematics
Protection and Control Schematics
Communication Schematics
Relay Schematics
Wiring Diagram and Panel Layout
Connection Diagram
Physical Layout
Control House Layout
Engineering Management Service
Project Budget
Project Schedule
Weekly Status Report
Project Review Meeting
Final report and presentation
Eric
These are the major milestones, and overarching tasks of the project. The next slide shows the number of items each of these requires. For example, there are 9 documents in the protection and control schematics.
For weekly status reports a meeting agenda containing the questions that will be answered and the documents that will be covered must be submitted before our weekly hour long meeting. After the meeting's completion summary of the meeting is submitted.

8. Project Timeline
Eric
This is our Gantt chart. As you can see the majority of the tasks are the creation of design documents, shown in orange, yellow and green. We will be finishing the project with a presentation at Black and Veatch.

9. Project Milestones Eric
This is our Design Document Database and it is a method of organizing and easily understanding what we have accomplished and what is left to be accomplished. It is also a reference to relate the drawing number to the title allowing to intuitive formal discussion.

10. System Design

11. Project Resources Software Tools AutoCAD Design Resources
Black and Veatch Design Team
Industry Design Guidelines
External Reference Material
Eric Fritz
NEC
AutoCAD has been an excellent resource, which we have used throughout the first semester, that allows us to quickly and freely implement updates the design documents.
Black and Veatch has been the driver of our progress on creating accurate and clean drawings.
For design guidelines we utilized the Project Scope which details the protection and control equipment for the substation.
Some external reference material has been a reference guide we created that includes the ANSI ID for every device that is included in our design schematics. Another reference is the HV Substation Design: Applications and Considerations created by Dominik Pieniazek. This document rapidly familiarize us with the components and design of a substation.

12. Process Flow Eric Talk more on how we create the document
Based on previous documents, standards, requirements
Instead of previously created document, review high level drawing > create more detail low level drawing to match the specifications outlined for our unique substation

13. Testing Plan
Continuous process where works done will be reviewed by Black & Veatch Design Team
Calculations
Max Power at various parts of the substation using the CT ratios greater than 25% listed
Peak AC and DC voltage of the control house
Next Semester
Testing various safety parameters
Brent
25kA simulation in discussion Max power calculations for transformer can withstand temporary overloading

14. Technical Challenges Understanding the project material: -
Learning how a substation operates
Revisions implemented on the drawings
Purpose of different equipment
Protection Schematics
Team Website Construction
Learning how a substation operates and why we are using the specific equipment Terry

15. Overcoming Technical Challenges
Overcoming the challenge:
Deep Diving into the drawings
Technical Manuals
Seeking advice from experts
B&V experts, Project Advisor, Online Resources
External Resources
National Electrical Code
IEEE Substation Guidelines
Terry

16. One Line Diagram

17. Overview of One line Diagram
Brent

18. High Voltage (HV) Side 138kV
Brent

19. Low Voltage (LV) Side 13.8kV
Brent

20. Overview of Key Protection Plan
HV Side 138kV
Bank Relays
LV Side 13.8kV
Andrew

21. HV side 138kV
Andrew
Out to 13.8kV Bus

22. LV side 13.8kV
Into 13.8kV Bus
Andrew

23. Bank Relay In from 138kV Bus In from 13.8kV Bus In from Feeder End
Protection Equipments in the control house
Andrew
In from Feeder End

24. Three Line Diagram

25. AC Schematics 1 (HV Side)
Out to 13.8kV Bus
Gavin

26. AC Schematics 2 (LV Side)
Into 13.8kV Bus
Gavin

27. Conclusion

28. Future Plans Panel Layout Substation Layout Relay Diagrams
Material List
Wiring Diagrams
Final Presentation for Black & Veatch
Andrew

29. Acknowledgement
In conclusion, we would like to extend a, “thank you”, to the following resources for their help throughout this project:
Adam Literski and Cole Beaulieu, Black & Veatch
Dr. Ajjarapu, Iowa State University
Thank you for your attention.
Andrew

30. Extra Resources

31. Purpose of CT
What is the purpose of multiple CT’s on both sides of the 138/13.8 transformer?
Monitoring/measuring purposes, tell which side of transformer has a fault, why/where/how fault occurred
What is the difference in the ways the CT’s of different ratios are used?
Different ratios connected to different equipment, Some equipment needs more precise measurement, and therefore smaller ratio e.g. use instead of for more sensitive equipment
What should we make of the absence of CT’s around the 240/120 transformer (and the absence of a lightning arrester on the low voltage side)?
Secondary transformer for control house wall outlets, Lower voltage does not require as much protection

32. Function of each Equipment

33. Transformer Purpose Types Change voltage from one level to another
Symbol
Purpose
Change voltage from one level to another
Regulate voltage level.
Types
Generator Step-Up (GSU) transformers
Step-down (to load) distribution transformers
SUBSTATION DESIGN

34. Circuit Breaker Purpose Types Detect faults and interrupt current flow
Symbol
Purpose
Detect faults and interrupt current flow
Types
Oil, air, SF6 gas, vacuum
SUBSTATION DESIGN
Operation of the circuit breakers is initiated by:
utilizing dc circuits
manually operating a switch
remote operation of supervisory control equipment
by relays that automatically recognize predetermined conditions or electrical failures in the system.

35. Disconnect Switches Purpose Types
Symbols
Purpose
Equipment usually connected in series with disconnect switches to isolate lines and equipment for maintenance
Types
Vertical break, Center break, Side break, Double end break, Pantograph, Motor-operated
SUBSTATION DESIGN

36. Lightning Arresters Purpose
Protect substation equipment and electric system from lightning strokes
Installed near power transformers
Symbol
SUBSTATION DESIGN
The arrester provides a low-impedance path to ground for the current from a lightning strike or transient voltage and then restores to a normal operating conditions.
When a high voltage (greater than the normal line voltage) exists on the line, the arrester immediately furnishes a path to ground and thus limits and drains off the excess voltage. The arrester must provide this relief and then prevent any further flow of current to ground.
The arrester has two functions; a) it must provide a point in the circuit at which an over-voltage pulse can pass to ground and, b)to prevent any follow-up current from flowing to ground.

37. Circuit Switcher Purpose Types
Symbol
Purpose
For switching and protection of transformers, lines, cables and capacitor banks
Some models have bypass switches
Types
SUBSTATION DESIGN
Vertical interrupter circuit switcher
Horizontal interrupter circuit switcher
Circuit switchers usually have SF6 type interrupters.
Some circuit switchers have by-pass switches.
Circuit switcher operation can be initiated by an operating switch, remote supervisory control equipment or by relays.
Circuit switcher types: Horizontal and vertical interrupter
1. Vertical Circuit Switchers (CSV)
Particularly used in cases of space constraints. The customer can specify whether the switches are manually operated or motor operated.  
2. Horizontal Circuit Switchers (CSH, CSH-B)

38. Current Transformers Purpose
Symbol
Purpose
Connected in lines to measure alternating electric current
Electrical inputs for operation of protective relays and measuring instruments
SUBSTATION DESIGN
1. CT is described by it’s current ratio e.g ratio in the image.
2. Since current in the circuit is really high, a CT measures a current proportional to the one in the circuit which can be connected to measuring and recording instruments.

39. Voltage Regulators Purpose
Symbol
Purpose
Provides voltage boost or buck in a system to provide a more or less voltage constant voltage as the amount of the load.
SUBSTATION DESIGN
Found at substations and on distribution lines
A regulator is an autotransformer with adjustable taps that is normally capable of adjusting the voltage by ±10%.
An autotransformer is a winding on a core with a tap off the winding that provides voltage boost or buck.
Adjusts for the voltage drop in a circuit.

40. Control house/Panel arrangement
Purpose
To protect the control equipment including panels, batteries, battery chargers, relays, meters, etc.
SUBSTATION DESIGN
Underground and overhead conduits and control wire are installed to connect the controls of all the equipment in the substation to the control panels normally installed in the control house.