1. GCSE International Relations: Era of the Cold War 1943-1991 Revision Booklet
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LF:
History Teacher:

2. USSR
USA
DATE
EVENT
REVISED IT!
KNOW IT!
STALIN
ROOSEVELT
1941
Grand Alliance is formed between USA, UK, USSR
1943
Teheran Conference
1945
Yalta Conference
Potsdam Conference
Atomic Bomb
End of WWII
Soviet Union Expansion
Arms Race begins
TRUMAN
1946
Long Telegram
Novikov Telegram
1947
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Cominform
Bizonia
1948
Berlin Blockade
1949
NATO
Comecon
Creation of GDR and FRG
KHRUSHCHEV
EISENHOWER
1953
Stalin Dies
1955
Warsaw Pact
1956
Hungarian Uprising
1958
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum
1959
Geneva Summit
Camp David
Cuban Revolution
1960
Paris Summit
KENNEDY
1961
Kennedy becomes President
Vienna Conference
Bay of Pigs
Berlin Wall is built
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis ‘Thirteen Days’
1963
Kennedy’s Berlin Wall Speech
Hotline created
Limited Test Ban Treaty
Beginning of Détente
BREZHNEV
JOHNSON
1965
MAD
1966
France leaves NATO
1967
Outer Space Treaty
1968
Prague Spring
Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Brezhnev Doctrine
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
NIXON
1972
SALT 1
Beginning of plans for SALT 2
1974
Vladivostock Agreement
FORD
1975
Apollo-Soyuz Mission
Helsinki Agreements: Security, Co-operation, Human Rights
CARTER
1978
Afghanistan Revolution
1979
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
End of Detente
1980
Carter Doctrine
The Olympic Boycott - Moscow
REAGAN
1981
Ronald Reagan become President
1983
Evil Empire Speech
SDI aka ‘Star Wars’ introduced
1984
The Olympic Boycott – Los Angeles
GORBACHEV
1985
Reykjavik Meeting
1987
INF Treaty
1988
Reagan goes to Moscow
BUSH
1989
Malta Summit
Fall of the Berlin Wall
1990
CFE Agreement
1991
START I
End of Warsaw Pact
Coup to remove Gorbachev
End of the Cold War

3. Topic 1: What is the Cold War?
The Cold War was not like previous World Wars. America and Russia never declared war on each other, nor did they face each other in battle. This is because both sides knew that a Third World War, a Nuclear War would be unwinnable.
The Cold War was a race to become to biggest and strongest superpower, to prove once and for all that their ideology was the best. It did however have many characteristics of an actual war: arms race, alliances and propaganda.
Ideology
Capitalism – Capitalist - WEST
Communism – Communist - EAST
Focus
Individual Rights
Rights of the working class
Values
Individual Freedom
Equality
Economy
Free Trade
Government Planned
Politics
Democratic Elections
Dictator and Communist Party controls the government
Grand Alliance 1941
Key features of
The Grand Alliance was an alliance made up of Britain, USA, USSR and France
The Grand Alliance was set up to help the allies to win the WWII
The Grand Alliance secured the USSR’s help to fight a war on two fronts to beat the Germans in WW2
Why was it important to international relations?
The Grand Alliance was important as it was the first agreement between the Capitalist West and Communist Russia to put aside their ideological differences to beat the common German enemy in WW2
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
This union was short lived, by the Potsdam conference of 1945 the relationship was no longer strong.
The differences of ideologies led to the division of Germany into four areas
Once the war was over this change in relationship meant that communism was the main enemy of capitalism, rather than Fascism

4. Yalta Conference February 1945 Potsdam Conference July-August 1945
Teheran Conference 1943
Key features
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Yalta Conference February 1945
Key features
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Potsdam Conference July-August 1945
Key features
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

5. Atomic Bomb 1945 Long Telegram 1946 Novikov Telegram 1946
Key features of the Atomic Bomb…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Long Telegram 1946
Key features of the Long Telegram
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Novikov Telegram 1946
Key features of the Novikov Telegram
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

6. Truman Doctrine 1947 Marshall Plan 1947 Cominform 1947
Key features of the Truman Doctrine…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Marshall Plan 1947
Key features of the Marshall Plan…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Cominform 1947
Key features of the Cominform…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

7. Soviet Expansion (Satellite States) 1945-1949
Key features of Soviet Expansion into Eastern Europe…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Bizonia 1947
Key features of Bizonia…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Comecon 1949
Key features of Comecon…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

8. Berlin Blockade 1948-1949 Creation of GDR and FRG 1949 NATO 1949
Key features of the Berlin Blockade …
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Creation of GDR and FRG 1949
Key features of the creation of GDR and FRG…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
NATO 1949
Key features of NATO…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

9. Arms Race 1945-1955 Warsaw Pact 1955 Hungarian Uprising 1968
Key features of the arms race …
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Warsaw Pact 1955
Key features of the Warsaw pact…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Hungarian Uprising 1968
Key features of Hungarian Uprising…
The Hungarian Uprising was an uprising amongst the people of Hungary in response to Soviet intervention in government (removal of Nagy from power)
The Hungarian Uprising took place in the assumption that the America would provide military support to Hungary if necessary
The Hungarian Uprising was quickly suppressed by Khrushchev’s government
Why was it important to international relations?
Shows that Khrushchev isn’t as dedicated to de-Stalinisation as first appears – he will use force
Shows other satellite states what will happen if they rebel
Shows America will offer aid but not military support – don’t want to risk war
Shows USSR have to use force to keep satellites – these countries are unhappy with communism
The strength of communism is based on force rather than belief in ideology however America aren’t going to intervene unless they have to
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
What led to the Hungarian Uprising?
Khrushchev’s ‘De-Stalinisation’ of USSR
America’s promise to help fight communism in Truman Doctrine
The Prague Spring - (Nagy’s reforms for more freedom of speech and leaving Warsaw Pact)
Soviet removal of Nagy from power

10. Topic 2: The Three Crises
Name
Events
Leaders
Flag
Berlin Crisis
Khrushchev’s Ultimatum
Geneva Summit
Camp David
Paris Summit
Vienna Conference
Berlin Wall
USA:
Eisenhower
Kennedy
USSR:
Khrushchev
Cuban Missile Crisis
1962
Cuban Revolution
Bay of Pigs
Thirteen Days
Consequences of Crisis
Hotline, Limited Test Ban Treaty, MAD, détente
Kennedy
Khrushchev
Cuba:
Fidel Castro
Czechoslovakia
Prague Spring
Invasion of Czechoslovakia
Brezhnev Doctrine
Johnson
Brezhnev
Czechoslovakia:
Dubcek

11. Khrushchev’s Ultimatum November 1958
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Geneva Summit May 1959
Key features…
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Camp David September 1959
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

12. Vienna Conference June 1961
Paris Summit May 1960
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Vienna Conference June 1961
Key features of the Yalta Conference
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Berlin Wall 12th August 1961
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

13. CMC ‘Thirteen Days’ October 1962
Cuban Revolution 1959
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
CMC Bay of Pigs April 1961
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
CMC ‘Thirteen Days’ October 1962
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

14. Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Outer Space Treaty 1967
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

15. SALT 1 1972 Apollo-Soyuz Mission 1975 Helsinki Agreements 1975
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Apollo-Soyuz Mission 1975
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Helsinki Agreements 1975
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

16. Afghanistan Revolution 1978
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1979
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Carter Doctrine January 1980
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

17. Ronald Reagan’s Second Cold War 1981
Olympic Boycott 1980 and 1984
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Ronald Reagan’s Second Cold War 1981
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Star Wars aka SDI 1983
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

18. Gorbachev’s New Thinking 1985
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Geneva Summit 1985
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Reykjavik Meeting 1985
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

19. INF Treaty 1987 Malta Summit 1989 CFE Agreement 1990
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Malta Summit 1989
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
CFE Agreement 1990
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

20. Break up of Eastern Bloc 1989-91
START
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Fall of the Berlin Wall 1989
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Break up of Eastern Bloc
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

21. Fall of the Soviet Union 1991
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?
Key features of
Why was it important to international relations?
What did it lead to?
How can you link this information with other topics?

22. Cold War Writing Frames
Question 1: Explain two consequences of… (4 marks)
[POINT] One consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
[EXPLAIN] This meant that… {insert precise own knowledge}
[POINT] Another consequence of… {WFTQ} is…
Question 1: Explain two consequences (4 marks)
Marks
Description
What did I get?
Level 1
1-2
 Simple or generalised comment is offered about a consequence.
Generalised information about the topic is included, showing limited knowledge and understanding of the period.
Level 2
3-4
Features of the period are analysed to explain a consequence.
Specific information about the topic is added to support the explanation, showing good knowledge and understanding of the period.
WWW
[ ] You have written a simple statement about a consequence.
[ ] You have written two simple sentences about a consequence.
[ ] You have explained one consequence using factual detail.
[ ] You have explained two consequences using factual detail.
EBI
[ ] You need to write a simple statement about a consequence.
[ ] You need to write two simple sentences about a consequence.
[ ] You need to explain one consequence using factual detail.
[ ] You need to explain two consequences using factual detail.
[ ] You need more factual detail
[ ] You need to expand your explanation further
To improve I must…
Question 3: Explain the importance of… (2 x 8 mark)
[POINT] _______ was important for (WFTQ)… because…
[EVIDENCE] Evidence to support this is…
[EXPLAIN] This shows that (WFTQ) was important for (WFTQ) because…
Question 2: Write a narrative… (8 marks)
[POINT] Describe the event in the question
[EVIDENCE] Provide factual details in bullet point
[EXPLAIN] Explain how it affected the event
[LINK] Link it to other bullet point
Question 2: Write a narrative (8 marks)
 Marks
Description
Level 1
1-2
A simple or generalised narrative is provided; the account shows limited analysis and organisation of the events included.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the events is shown.
Level 2
3-5
A narrative is given, showing some organisation of material into a sequence of events leading to an outcome. The account of events shows some analysis of the linkage between them, but some passages of the narrative may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the events.
Maximum 4 marks for answers that do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points. 3
6-8
A narrative is given which organises material into a clear sequence of events leading to an outcome.
The account of events analyses the linkage between them and is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the key features or characteristics of the events.
No access to Level 3 for answers which do not go beyond aspects prompted by the stimulus points.
WWW
[ ]I have written a sentence about one or more events
[ ]I have provided factual evidence to support my point
[ ]I have included an additional point from my own knowledge
[ ]I have provided factual evidence to back up my third point
[ ]I have organised my answer in to chronological
[ ]I show how one event links to or causes another event
EBI
[ ] I need to write a sentence about one or more events
[ ] I need to provide factual evidence to support my point
[ ] I need to include an additional point from my own knowledge
[ ] I need to provide factual evidence to back up my third point
[ ] I need to organise my answer in to chronological
[ ] I need to show how one event links to or causes another event
[ ] You need more factual detail
[ ] You need to expand your explanation further
To improve I must….
Explain two of the following: The importance of X for Y… (2 x 8 marks)
 Mark
Description 1
1-2
A simple or generalised answer is given, showing limited development and organisation of material.
Limited knowledge and understanding of the topic is shown. 2
3-5
An explanation is given, showing an attempt to analyse importance. It shows some reasoning, but some passages may lack coherence and organisation.
Accurate and relevant information is added, showing some knowledge and understanding of the period. 3
6-8
An explanation is given, showing analysis of importance. It shows a line of reasoning that is coherent and logically structured.
Accurate and relevant information is included, showing good knowledge and understanding of the required features or characteristics of the period studied.
WWW
[ ]I have written one sentence about one event
[ ]I have written two sentences about two events
[ ]I have provided detailed factual evidence for one event
[ ]I have provided detailed factual evidence for both events
[ ]I have stated the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point
[ ]I have stated the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point
[ ]I have explained the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance
[ ]I have explained the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance.
EBI
[ ]I need to write one sentence about one event
[ ]I need to write two sentences about two events
[ ]I need to provide detailed factual evidence for one event
[ ]I need to provide detailed factual evidence for both events
[ ]I need to state the importance of one event in relation to the question bullet point
[ ]I need to state the importance of the second event in relation to the question bullet point
[ ]I need to explain the importance of the first event showing analysis of importance
[ ]I need to explain the importance of the second event showing analysis of importance.
I must improve….