1. Containment

2. Why?
How?
USSR will not be overly aggressive
USSR is weaker than “free world”
Communist experiment in early stages
Propaganda doesn’t work
Study them
Educate Americans
Solve internal problems/boost morale
Put forth picture of the world
Be confident

3. Truman Doctrine
Response to Communism in Greece and Soviet demand for control of parts of Turkey
“. . . it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. ”

4. Marshall Plan Plan to aid nations of Europe
Billions to Western European countries
Effect
Western Europe began to grow
No Communism
Widened Rift

5. Berlin Airlift USSR cut off land access to Berlin
U.S. planes flew supplies in
Truman sent 60 bombers w/ atomic weapons to England
11 months, Soviets lifted blockade

6. NATO and National Security
GW – “Avoid permanent alliances”
Tradition broken
Defensive alliance – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Stationed U.S. troops in West Europe
1955 – Soviets respond with Warsaw Pact

7. NATO and National Security
National Security Act (1947)
Centralized Department of Defense
Creation of National Security Council
Creation of CIA
1948 – Selective Service System and peacetime draft revived

8. NSC-68 Quadruple U.S. government defense spending to 20% of GDP
Form alliances with non-Communist countries around the world
Convince the American public that a costly arms buildup was imperative for the nation’s defense

9. Nuclear Arms Race

10. USA vs. USSR (Review) Yooks vs. Zooks Communist Capitalist
Butter on Top
Butter on Bottom

11. USA vs. USSR Yooks vs. Zooks First to use atomic bomb
Predicted it would take USSR until mid-50s
First nuclear test in 1949
Yooks vs. Zooks
Switch made obsolete by slingshot and so on and so forth

12. USA vs. USSR Yooks vs. Zooks
ICBMs (Inter-continental Ballistic Missiles) in 1959 using rocket technology
Sputnik - First satellite, could possibly deliver nukes anywhere in the world
Yooks vs. Zooks
“Even we don’t know all the things it can do, the main thing it does is to sprinkle blue goo”

15. USA vs. USSR Yooks vs. Zooks Built fallout shelters for safety
Developed “second-strike” capability
Built fallout shelters for safety
Developed “second-strike” capability
Yooks vs. Zooks
Built Yookeries and Zookeries and ordered all citizens underground

17. Mutually Assured Destruction
Belief that an attack by either side would be suicide for both
“Brinkmanship”
Yooks vs. Zooks
“Grampa be careful, hey easy, oh gee. Who’s going to drop it, will you or will he?”

19. Domino Theory/Containment
Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries

20. Cold War in Asia Less successful Colonial resentment
Ironically, Japan became closest ally in region

21. Cold War in Asia Japan U.S. Japanese Security Treaty Under US control
Douglas MacArthur reconstruction
Generals and Premier executed
Retained Emperor, but no longer god
Limited military
U.S. Japanese Security Treaty
Occupation ended in 1951
U.S. troops remain as protection against “external enemies”

22. Cold War in Asia China Chiang Kai-Shek and Nationalist control
Massive aid in WWII
Civil War Renewed
Communists lead by Mao Zedong appealed to peasants
U.S. unsure of action
$ but no military intervention
80% of supplies end up w/ Communists

23. Cold War in Asia China, cont’d 2 Chinas
Mainland – Communist
Taiwan – Nationalist
No recognition for Mao until1979
GOP – “loss of China”
Sino-Soviet pact

24. Connection to Today (No notes)
Chiang Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan
U.S. severed ties to Taiwan in 1970s
PRK never officially lets go of Taiwan
2001: US sells Taiwan weapons for national defense
2010: More weapon sales
China promises to act
against companies involved