1. Homeostasis is dependent on
and nervous control

2. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
(b) Signaling by neurons
STIMULUS
Cell body
of neuron
Nerve
impulse
Axon
Signal travels
to a specific
location.
Nerve
impulse
Figure 32.4b Signaling in the endocrine and nervous systems
Axons
Response
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
(a) Signaling by hormones
STIMULUS
Endocrine
cell
Hormones
-molecules produced by endocrine glands, enter blood and have effect on target cells
Hormone
Signal
travels
everywhere.
Blood
vessel
Figure 32.4a Signaling in the endocrine and nervous systems
Response
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

5. Peptide based hormones
Use signal transduction pathways
Utilize second messengers

6. Steroid hormones

8. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Thyroid gland
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid hormone (T3 and T4 )
Melatonin
Calcitonin
Pituitary gland
Parathyroid glands
Posterior pituitary
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Oxytocin
Vasopressin, also
called antidiuretic
hormone (ADH )
Adrenal glands (atop kidneys)
Adrenal medulla
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH)
Glucocorticoids
Mineralocorticoids
Luteinizing
hormone (LH)
Thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH)
Ovaries (in females)
Estrogens
Adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH)
Figure 32.5 The human endocrine system
Progesterone
Prolactin
Growth hormone (GH)
Testes (in males)
Melanocyte-stimulating
hormone (MSH)
Androgens
Pancreas
Insulin
Glucagon
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

9. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Simple endocrine pathway
Example: secretin signaling
STIMULUS
Low pH in
duodenum
Endocrine
cell
S cells of duodenum
Negative feedback
Hormone
Secretin ( )
Circulation
via blood
Figure 32.6 A simple endocrine pathway
Target
cells
Pancreatic cells
RESPONSE
Bicarbonate release
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

10. Some hormones work in antagonistic pairs ex: insulin / glucagon calcitonin / PTH

13. Neuroendocrine signaling
involves the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland

17. © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Simple neuroendocrine pathway
Example: oxytocin signaling
STIMULUS
Suckling
Neurosecretory
cell
Hypothalamus
Posterior
pituitary
Hormone
Positive feedback
Blood
vessel
Oxytocin ( )
Circulation
throughout
body via
blood
Figure 32.7 A simple neuroendocrine pathway
Target
cells
Smooth muscle in
mammary glands
RESPONSE
Milk release
© 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.