1. Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

2. Course Overview Introduction Fundamentals of wireless channels
Cellular networks (3G, LTE, LTE-A)
IEEE based WLAN (WiFi)
NS-3 network simulator

3. Today’s Lecture
Interesting ICT (Information and Communications Technology) statistics
Recent trends in ICT
Wireless networks
Challenges in wireless network service

4. ICT Statistics (ITIF, 2013) Creates high-paying jobs
IT workers salary: $78,584/yr, average worker: $45,230/yr
Comprises a significant share of GDP
6% of global GDP (2010)
Drives productivity and GDP growth
21% of GDP growth from 2006 to 2011 across 13 leading economies
Helps build high-growth companies
330 of 500 fastest growing companies are in IT industry
88% of 500 most popular mobile apps were developed by small businesses, most with fewer than 10 employees
Refer to PDF for other details

5. Recent Trends: Big Data
Definition (Wikipedia)
Any collection of data so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand data management tools or traditional data processing applications
Example

6. Recent Trends: Cloud Computing
Definition (Wikipedia)
Delivery of computing as a service rather than a product whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network
Examples
Amazon Web Service (AWS), iCloud, sCloud

7. Recent Trends: Internet of Things (IoT)
Definition (Wikipedia)
Interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing-like devices within the existing Internet infrastructure
IoT is essentially a sensor network

8. Recent Trends: Software Defined Networking (SDN)
Software Defined Network (SDN)
A new approach to designing, building and managing networks that separates control (brain) and data (muscle) planes to make it easy to optimize each
Forwarding
Network Operating System
Global Network Map
Control Program
Software
Very simple hardware
OpenFlow
Picture from Nick McKeown

9. Chapter 6 Wireless and Mobile Networks
Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach 6th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012
A note on the use of these ppt slides:
We’re making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). They’re in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and slide content to suit your needs. They obviously represent a lot of work on our part. In return for use, we only ask the following:
If you use these slides (e.g., in a class) that you mention their source (after all, we’d like people to use our book!)
If you post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material.
Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR
All material copyright
J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved
Wireless, Mobile Networks

10. Ch. 6: Wireless and Mobile Networks
Background:
# wireless (mobile) phone subscribers now exceeds # wired phone subscribers (5-to-1)!
# wireless Internet-connected devices equals # wireline Internet-connected devices
laptops, Internet-enabled phones promise anytime untethered Internet access
two important (but different) challenges
wireless: communication over wireless link
mobility: handling the mobile user who changes point of attachment to network
Wireless, Mobile Networks

11. Chapter 6 outline Mobility Wireless 6.1 Introduction
6.2 Wireless links, characteristics
CDMA
6.3 IEEE wireless LANs (“Wi-Fi”)
6.4 Cellular Internet Access
architecture
standards (e.g., GSM)
Mobility
6.5 Principles: addressing and routing to mobile users
6.6 Mobile IP
6.7 Handling mobility in cellular networks
6.8 Mobility and higher-layer protocols
6.9 Summary
Wireless, Mobile Networks

12. Elements of a wireless network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks

13. Elements of a wireless network
wireless hosts
laptop, smartphone
run applications
may be stationary (non-mobile) or mobile
wireless does not always mean mobility
network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks

14. Elements of a wireless network
base station
typically connected to wired network
relay - responsible for sending packets between wired network and wireless host(s) in its “area”
e.g., cell towers, access points
network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks

15. Elements of a wireless network
wireless link
typically used to connect mobile(s) to base station
also used as backbone link
multiple access protocol coordinates link access
various data rates, transmission distance
network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks

16. Characteristics of selected wireless links
200
802.11n 54
802.11a,g
802.11a,g point-to-point
5-11
802.11b
4G: LTWE WIMAX 4
3G: UMTS/WCDMA-HSPDA, CDMA2000-1xEVDO
Data rate (Mbps) 1
802.15
.384
2.5G: UMTS/WCDMA, CDMA2000
.056
2G: IS-95, CDMA, GSM
Indoor
10-30m
Outdoor
50-200m
Mid-range
outdoor
200m – 4 Km
Long-range
outdoor
5Km – 20 Km
Wireless, Mobile Networks

17. Elements of a wireless network
infrastructure mode
base station connects mobiles into wired network
handoff: mobile changes base station providing connection into wired network
network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks

18. Elements of a wireless network
ad hoc mode
no base stations
nodes can only transmit to other nodes within link coverage
nodes organize themselves into a network: route among themselves
Wireless, Mobile Networks

19. Alternative shape of a cell
Illustration of a Cell
Ideal cell area
(2-10 km radius)
Alternative shape of a cell
Hexagonal cell area used in most models BS
Cell MS MS
Illustration of a cell with a mobile station and a base station

20. Universal Cell Phone Coverage
Washington, DC
Microwave Tower
Cell
Cincinnati
Maintaining the telephone number across geographical areas in a wireless and mobile system 20 20

21. Wireless LAN and PAN
Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) using the IEEE
HiperLAN is a European Standard
Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN)
Bluetooth
HomeRF

22. Wireless Sensor Networks

23. Ad Hoc Network

24. Satellite Systems Traditional Applications Weather satellite
Radio and TV broadcasting
Military satellites
Telecommunication Applications
Global telephone connections
Backbone for global network
GPS

25. Wireless network taxonomy
single hop
multiple hops
host connects to
base station (WiFi,
WiMAX, cellular)
which connects to
larger Internet
host may have to
relay through several
wireless nodes to
connect to larger
Internet: mesh net
infrastructure
(e.g., APs)
no base station, no
connection to larger
Internet. May have to
relay to reach other
a given wireless node
MANET, VANET no
infrastructure
no base station, no
connection to larger
Internet (Bluetooth,
ad hoc nets)
Wireless, Mobile Networks

26. Coverage Aspect of Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems
Global
Satellite
Picocell
In-building
Microcell
Urban
Macrocell
Suburban

27. Challenges Pros Cons Signal Attenuation Mobility Ubiquitous Access
Cost Saving
(CAPEX, OPEX)
Ubiquitous Access
Spatial Reuse
Pros
Cons
Signal Attenuation
Mobility
Broadcasting
Complex
Management
Time-varying Channel
Interference
Hidden Node Problem
Edge User Effect
MAC: TDMA/FDMA(1G), CDMA(2G/3G), OFDMA(LTE/LTE-A, ), CSMA(802.11)
- Mobile IP …
- Inter-cell
Coordination
- QoS …
- Opportunistic
scheduling
- Rate adaptation
- Error correction …
- MAC
- RTS/CTS …

28. This Course Learns… - Wireless access technologies (cellular, WiFi)
- Network simulator (NS3)
- (possibly) IoT with Arduino board
network
infrastructure
Wireless, Mobile Networks