1. Mrs. Flores WHAP! Classical civilizations
Homeric Society
Mrs. Flores WHAP!
Classical civilizations

2. Homer Poet Wrote stories and epic tales of warriors and the gods.
Recount the deeds of the superhuman heroes and how humans have interacted with the Gods.
Bloody
Filled with a deep sense of humanity
Greatness, sufferings and limitations

3. Homeric Society The Dark ages are celebrated in these Epic tales
The epic tales discuss issues of instability among the chieftains and Chiefdoms
Odyssey: Odysseus leaves for a long time: Instability with in the city-state ( Competition for the chieftain’s Household)

4. Women Clearly valued members of Society Penelope( wife of Odysseus)
Clever and resourceful women, who for years outwits a house full of suitors)
Goddess of Athena:
Advises Odysseus: needed him to act into a bloody action
Nausicaa:
Princess of Phaecia, counsels the shipwrecked odysseus on how to get favorable hearing in her father’s palace
He is throw himself at her mother’s feet and ask her for help

5. In an environment of intense competition..
Women were used as pawns in Marriage Alliances and prizes in War
The gender roles portrayed in Homeric society were to have a long history in Greek Social Relations.

6. Hesiod and the Justice of the Gods
Homer’s ingenuity of the epic tales of Greek heroes are significant because..
Led to unity and order to Greek Culture and religion.
Hesiod: great poet in 700 B.C
Wrote two poems: Theogony, and The Works and Days.
Theogony:
Explained how the Gods came into being
Origin of the Olympian Gods
The Works and Days
Bring order to human world: Described evolution in the five ages: Golden, Silver, Bronze, Heroic and Iron Age

7. Contributions
Describes the Evolution of Culture in the Greek world From the Heroic age of Homer -> to the structured world of the Polis.
Importance: This represents a major shift from Homer’s assumption of the Primacy of Honor over the value of Justice and Order.
Transformation of Zeus from a God of strength and force divinity responsible for rational and Just world
Ex: Zeus of the Polis Religions

8. Impact of Homer and Hesiod
Each Poet offered a different point of view of looking at the world of gods and humans that was universal
Mythology was not bound by rituals of any single city or shrine
Encompassed all Greeks and even Non-Greek
Provided a universal framework for all of Greek Religion

9. Impact cont.
Unity of Greek Culture by providing a history that bounded all Greeks together
Homer’s tale of the Siege at Troy: shows a pivotal point in Greek History
Legends that were included in the epics were sufficient to the scattered Greeks of the Archaic Age:
Gave the Greeks a sense of where they belong into history and how they are linked with each other , Chronologically and historically.

10. Socrates Trial and Death
“ The Apology”
By Plato

11. “The Apology of Socrates”
Plato's The Apology is an account of the speech Socrates makes at the trial in which he is charged with not recognizing the gods recognized by the state, inventing new deities, and corrupting the youth of Athens
in The Apology, Socrates attempts to defend himself and his conduct--certainly not to apologize for it.

12. Socrates (469-399 BC) and His Political Associations
Stone maker by trade
Served as a Hoplite in the military
Between the age of experienced a religious conversion and was convinced that he has a divine mission to teach virtue.
406 BC Socrates was a member of the Athenian Senate
Responsible for educating Alcibiades and Critias, right wing aristocrats and enemies of the democracy.
Socrates refused to join with the Ruling Thirty in the arrest and murder of Leon of Salamis. Knowing that their demise was immanent they tried to incriminate as many citizens as possible. Socrates refused to follow them in the breaking of the law. (404/403 BC)
Brought to trial in 400 or 399 by the leaders of the restored democracy.

13. The Structure of the Apology
Exhortium: an introduction to get the crowd with you. (pp. 24) 17a-18a
Narration: filling in background information. (pp.24-25) 18b-22e
Proposition: The central thesis.
Division: Explaining to the crowd what will be covered.
Confirmation: The giving of proofs or arguments.
Refutation: anticipating possible objections and answering them.
Peroration: Conclusion, summarizing of main points.

14. The Charges Against Socrates in the Apology
The Religious Charge - Atheism: (a) A rejection of the traditional beliefs about the gods and (b) the introduction of a new theology in its place.
The traditional Athenian theological views were heavily anthropomorphic - human qualities were predicated of the gods. For Socrates, the gods were perfect, good, just and true, thus very different from humans. Socrates was also perceived as introducing new gods or a new god (there is some question as to whether Socrates was a polytheist or a monotheist).
The Moral Charge: (a) Sophism (i.e., the advancement of moral relativism) and (b) corrupting the youth.
Although Socrates was no relativist, since he questioned the traditional values he was accused of sophism. Socrates asserted that one should not accept what comes down in tradition without first analyzing and understanding it. Only then will its acceptance have a rational basis. Believe because it is rational to do so. .

15. The Implicit "Guilt by Association" - a Factor?
The fact that Socrates had had anti-democratic companions (e.g., Alcibiades and Critias) also aroused suspicions, a kind of guilt by association.
In the aftermath of the overthrow of the Thirty in 403 BC, the restored democracy was anxious to unify Athens and so they granted amnesty for supporters of the Thirty. One consequence of this was that opponents of Socrates could not legally attack and charge him with conspiracy and sedition merely because of his associations with enemies of the democracy. In fact, Anytus was the chief advocate of the amnesty movement. Nevertheless, reading the Apology one gets the sense that an unspoken reason, a deep distrust in Socrates as a potential threat to the restored democracy, looms large as a reason for the guilty verdict.

16. Trial and Death of Socrates
Most significant points in History
You will find how Socrates’ Mind worked and you will see a glimpse of the Socratic Method
Vigorous defense that “Apology”
Meant something different to the Greeks
Bigger picture:
Socrates chooses Truth over life: Cuts to the heart of what made the Greeks so special.

17. Individual stands up to society and refuses to back down.
Any historical references???
Martin Luther King

18. Socrates: Socratic method
“ The Unexamined life is not worth living”
What did he mean?
Spoke for a core of brilliant thinkers
The Greeks: in all that they did: Shaped the world intellectually and culturally
What was the point of Philosophy to Ancient Greeks?
Attempted to achieve something revolutionary
Explain the world in a purely rational and natural thought

19. Socratic Method
a form of inquiry and debate between individuals with opposing viewpoints based on asking and answering questions to stimulate Critical Thinking and to illuminate ideas.
Dialectical method, often involving an oppositional discussion in which the defense of one point of view is pitted against the defense of another;
one participant may lead another to contradict him in some way, strengthening the inquirer's own point. (Think about the question before you speak.)

20. Socrates Beliefs Human beings could Lead honest lives
Honor was far more important that wealth, Fame, or other superficial attributes
Insisted on the need on purposes and goals in life
“ The Unexamined life is not worth living”
Human Beings had an obligation to strive for personal integrity.