1. Family

2. Family Nuclear Family Father, mother and at least one child
Extended Family
Inclusive of other family members
Extended Family Household
Parents and children live with additional kin
Modified Extended Family
Separate individual nuclear families with close ties and interaction

3. Family Theories Ecological Systems Theory
Family is a system within a broader system
Based on Bronfenbrenner’s model
Family Systems Theory
Family is a whole of interrelated parts, each of which affects the other and is affected by every other part

5. The Changing Family More single adults, empty nesters included
Postponed marriage
Cohabitation
More married women working
Decline in child-bearing, more years w/o children

6. The Changing Family More divorce, remarriages Reconstituted families
More single-parent families, child poverty
More multigenerational (beanpole) families
Fewer caregivers for aging adults 6

7. Parenting Mothers generally spend more time with children
Fathers are capable of sensitive parenting
A more playful parent role
Divorce means less fathering
Fathers warmth and affection promotes
Social competence, achievement
Fewer psychological disorders

8. Interaction Effects and Influence in Families
Indirect effects:
effects on children as a result of parents influences on one another (parent to parent)
Parent effects model
Parental influence filters down to child and how they develop
Child effects model
Child has influence on parents behavior toward the child
Transactional model
Reciprocal influences between parent and child and how each behaves toward the other.

10. Outcomes of Parenting Styles
Children of authoritative parents
Adjusted, responsible, high achievement
Children of authoritarian parents
Moody, unhappy, aimless
Children of permissive parents
Low: self-control, independence, achievers
Children of neglectful/uninvolved parents
Behavior problems, antisocial

11. Grandparenting Average age of first time grandparenthood?
Three styles:
Remote (29%)
Distant emotionally and geographically
Companionate (55%)
Most common
Companions rather than caregivers
Involved (16%)
Assume parent-like role

12. Changing Family Relationships Through the Lifespan
Siblings:
Sibling Rivalry
Parent / Child Relationships
Sandwich Generation
Caregiver burnout (burden)
Marriage
Divorce
Remarriage
About 75% remarry within 3 to 5 years

13. Child Abuse The Abuser Only 1in 10 have severe psychological disorder
Typically young, single, poor, unemployed mother
Often themselves abused as children
Often a battered woman
Low self-esteem
Tends to have many children
Unrealistic expectations of children

14. Child Abuse The Target Child Hyperactive, difficult
Often disabled or sickly
The Context
Parent feels powerless and threatened and needs a sense of control

15. Effects of Family Violence on the Child
Physical damage to the abused
Brain damage – shaken baby syndrome
Behavior problems common
Deficient intellectual skills
Academic problems common
Disrupted social and emotional development
Lack of empathy