1. Early Civilizations in East and Southeast Asia
Chapter 12

2. The Tang and Song Dynasties
Europe very divided – fragmented into feudal kingdoms
Unity restored China

3. Two major dynasties in China
TANG DYNASTY
SONG DYNASTY
Restores unity in China
Uniform system of government
Land distributed to peasants – land reform
Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea become tributary states
Self-governing, but under Chinese control
China’s wealth and culture dominated
Well-ordered society
New tools for peasants; self-sufficient
Grand Canal – shipping goods to the north
Foreign trade flourished
Threat of invaders – especially Mongols

4. Tang Dynasty China was divided for 400 years
618 – Emergence of Tang under Li Yuan
Li Shimin (Tang Taizong) becomes most admired emperor
Vietnam, Tibet, and Korea become tributary states

5. Tang Dynasty Female empress Wu Zhao – uniform government of China
Land reform – broke up pieces of land to distribute to peasants
Decline due to lost territories to Central Asia and Arab countries
Corruption, high taxes, drought, famine, war

6. Song Dynasty 960– founded by Zhao Kuangyin Song ruled 319 years
Great achievements and wealth

7. Chinese Ordered Society
Gentry value education – wealthy landowning class
Peasants work land
Could move up in society
Slavery was limited
Merchants = lowest class
Riches came from others
Status of women higher than later years
Dowries, foot binding, and more!

8. The Mongol and Ming Empires
Focus Question:
What are the effects of the Mongol invasion and the rise of the Ming dynasty on China?

9. Diverse Cultures in Southeast Asia
Geographically separated into two main groups by mountains
Trade routes determined by monsoons

10. Mongol Empire

11. The Mongols Nomadic people Invaded China
Steppes- vast, treeless plains
Invaded China
Led by Mongol chieftan, Ghengis Khan
Attacked China’s walled cities with cannons and new weapons

12. Genghis Khan & His Successors
Tolerant leader – as long as he had loyalty
Established peace and order – Pax Mongolica
Cultural exchanges and economic growth

13. Kublai Khan Defeated last Song emperor in 1279 Genghis Khan’s grandson
A feat his grandfather could not do
Genghis Khan’s grandson
Did not want Mongols to be absorbed into Chinese civilization

14. Empire Under Kublai Khan (Mongols)
Only Mongols could serve in military
Highest gov’t jobs could only be served by Mongols
Mix of Chinese and foreign cultures developed
Yuan Dynasty
Welcomed foreigners into his court
Stabilized China
Increased trade

15. Life in China After Mongols
Kublai Khan dies in 1294
Marco Polo (Italian explorer) writes about splendor and wealth of China
Outside contact continues – trade
Most Chinese resented the Mongols

16. The Ming Dynasty
Founded by Zhu Yuanzhang – peasant leader of rebel army – 1368
Goal: Restore Chinese greatness

17. Ming Dynasty…con’t Restore Civil Service System Economic growth
Chinese culture flourishes
Painting
Poetry
Porcelain
Novels – early fiction

18. Zheng He 1405 – commands first Chinese overseas exploration
Promoted trade
1435 – Zheng He dies – exploration stops

19. Korea & its traditions Table Jigsaw: pg. 386 #2-5
Each person narrows their reading focus to one question.
Share answers & have one set per table to share for group discussion.

20. Japan and the Feudal Age

21. Geography Archipelago – chain of islands
4/5 of land is mountains – people live in river valleys
Too far away for China to conquer; close enough to learn from
Seas = trade routes and FISHING

22. Forces of Nature Feared and respected
Ring of Fire – chain of volcanoes
Subject to earthquakes causing tidal waves (tsunamis)

23. Early Traditions
Divided into clans – each with a chief and god or goddess
500 – Yamato clan set up the first and only dynasty
Descent from Sun god
Shinto – worship of forces of nature
Korean influence

24. Chinese Influence
Selective borrowing – kept some Chinese ways, but discarded others
Kana – phonetic symbols representing syllables

25. Feudal Warfare – 1400s
Local warlords formed armies to pledge loyalty to them rather than government
Samurai – “those who serve”
Bushido – “way of the warrior”
Honor, bravery, absolute loyalty

27. Feudalism Role of women declines Peasants = backbone of society
Inheritance limited to sons
Samurai code did not include chivalry
Peasants = backbone of society
Merchants were the lowest class
Gained their wealth from others
Status will improve
Typhoons kept Japan from Mongol invasion

28. Tokugawa Shogunate Imposed central government to end feudal warfare
Ruled Japan until 1868
Created unified, orderly society
Forced daimyo (lords) to live at the capital every other year
Flourishing economy

29. Zen Buddhism Zen – Buddhist sect from China
Emphasized self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty

30. Korea Influenced by China, but kept distinct culture
Location plays huge role
Silla dynasty unites smaller states
Koryo dynasty brings about present-day Korea
1590s – Japan invades
Brought many Korean influences to Japan

31. Section 5: Diverse Cultures of Southeast Asia

32. Geography Mainland Southeast Asia Island Southeast Asia
Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia
Island Southeast Asia
Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, 20,000+ islands

33. Geography….con’t Mainland separated from Asia by mountains
Trade Routes
Shaped by monsoons (seasonal winds)
Linked India, SE Asia, and China to East Africa and the Middle East

34. Early Traditions
Developed own culture before outside influences arrived
Diverse ethnic groups in isolated villages
Many languages
Nuclear families
Women had more equality

35. Indian Influence
Indian culture spreads: merchants settled into port cities
Reaches peak between
Trade brings prosperity = SPICES
Indians bring Islam
Today, Indonesia has the largest Muslim population

36. Vietnam Chinese domination Preserved identity
Governmental ideas are adopted
Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism shaped society
Preserved identity
939 – broke free from Chinese rule

37. Chapter 12 Review
Page 404
#1-15, 17