1. Inside the Earth
Study Guide

2.
Solid because of the intense pressure pushing in on the INNER MOST layer.
HOT! HOT! HOT!
Inner core

3. The Mantle Thickest layer
Molten magma layer allows convection currents that create plate movement
Hotter than the crust, cooler than the core
The Mantle

4. Crust Least dense and lowest temperatures
Temperature is same as the air above it
Crust

5. Layer
Composition
State
Crust
Rock
Solid
Mantle
Semi-solid
Outer Core
Metal (iron and nickel)
Liquid
Inner Core
Temperature and Pressure INCREASE as you go deeper into the Earth!!!!!
Layers of the Earth

6. Tectonic Plates U.S. is part of the North American plate
Plates folding (converging) create mountains
Plates moving apart create volcanoes
Tectonic Plates

7. Hot Spots Weak spots in the Earth’s crust
Because of sea-floor spreading, hot spots move, causing new land to form above them.
Hot Spots

8. Supercontinent composed of all of today’s continents put together into one large mass
Pangaea

9. Focus is BENEATH the Earth’s surface where the Earthquake begins
Epicenter is ABOVE Earth’s surface, directly above the focus
Seismic Waves

10. Tsunami Created from an earthquake on an ocean floor
Creates large waves in the crust and in the water
Tsunami

11. Boundaries

12. Most explosive = High silica content and low viscosity (thin consistency)
Slow flowing magma = Low silica content and high viscosity (thick consistency)
Volcanoes go BOOM!

13. Mid Ocean Ridges occur at Divergent Oceanic Plate Boundaries
Trenches occur at Convergent Oceanic Plate Boundaries
Sea floor spreading

14. Rift Valley

15. Hot Springs

16. The crater formed when the top of a volcanic mountain collapses
Calderas

17. Island Arc

18. Were on Earth for a short amount of time, but covered a large area
Index Fossils