2. Chapter 3
Software

3. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 2.0 Hardware devices
Objective 2.6 Understand power management and power settings
Objective 2.7 Understand driver concepts as well as their device compatibility
Objective 2.8 Know platform considerations and implications
Objective 2.9 Know platform compatibility, device limitations

4. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 3.0 Computer software architecture
Objective 3.1 Understand operating system versioning and update awareness
Objective 3.2 Know concepts surrounding applications vs. operating system vs. global settings
Objective 3.3 Have a general understanding of operating systems and software settings
Objective 3.5 Users and profiles
Objective 3.8 Menu navigation

5. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 3.0 Computer software architecture
Objective 3.9 Searching for files
Objective 3.12 Know how to install, uninstall, update, repair software
Domain 6.0 Cloud Computing
Objective 6.5 Understand web app types
Domain 7.0 Security
Objective 7.1 Know credential management best practices

6. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS5
Key Applications
Domain 6.0 App culture
Objective 6.1 Understand how to obtain apps
Objective 6.2 Identify different app genres
Objective 6.3 Understand strengths and limits of apps and applications
Living Online
Domain 1.0 Internet (navigation)
Objective 1.1 Understand what the Internet is

7. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS4
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 1.0 Operating system
Objective 1.1 What is an OS and what does it do?
Objective 1.2 Manage computer files and folders
Objective 1.3 Manage computer configuration, Control Panel, OS drivers
Domain 3.0 Computer software and concepts
Objective 3.1 Software management
Objective 3.2 Licensing
Objective 3.3 Software usage

8. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS4
Computing Fundamentals
Domain 3.0 Computer software and concepts
Objective 3.4 Software tools
Domain 4.0 Troubleshooting
Objective 4.1 Software
Objective 4.3 Devices and peripherals
Key Applications
Domain 1.0 Common application features
Objective 1.3 Navigating

9. IC3 Certification Objectives
GS4
Living Online
Domain 4.0 Digital citizenship
Objective 4.2 Legal and responsible use of computers

10. Section
3.1
Language of Computers

11. Essential Question
How is a strong understanding of math important to computer programming?

12. Section 3.1 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Compare mechanical and electronic computers.
Explain various number systems.
Discuss computer programming languages.

13. Terms American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
assembly language
bit
byte
bytecode
code
compiler
computer algorithm
data type
encoding
high-level programming language
interpreter
low-level programming language

14. Terms machine language object-oriented languages procedural languages
programs
unicode

15. Electronic Computers Electronic computers have no moving parts
All information represented as
On/off
1/0
True/false
Files are patterns of 1s and 0s

16. Electronic Computers
Binary digit, or bit, is the basic building block for communication in an electronic computer
Eight bits equal one byte

17. Number Systems Decimal Numbers Positional system
Based on place value and base 10
Digits used are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0
Places represent powers of 10
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

18. Number Systems Binary Numbers Positional system
Based on place value and base 2
Digits used are 1 and 0
Places represent powers of 2

19. Number Systems Hexadecimal Numbers Positional system
Based on place value and base 16
Digits used are 0–9, A, B, C, D, E, F
Places represent powers of 16

20. Number Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

21. Code Encoding Instructions
Encoding is the process of converting human-readable data and computer programs into a computer-readable format
Code is the result of the encoding process

22. Code
Encoding Data
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a standard for representing text that most computers support
Unicode is a system for encoding text characters in which two bytes are assigned to each character

23. Code Computer Programming Languages High-Level Languages
Contain instructions that are far removed from the instruction the computer CPU uses
Programming software contains a compiler, which converts the programmer’s code into code the CPU can understand
Interpreter converts instructions to code the CPU can understand as the program is executing

24. Code Computer Programming Languages High-Level Languages
Bytecode is a set of instructions composed of compact numeric codes, constants, and references that can be efficiently processed by an interpreter
Procedural languages are computer programming languages in which instructions are gathered into collections called procedures
Object-oriented languages contain data structures and actions that can be performed on those structures

25. Code Computer Programming Languages Low-Level Languages
Very close to the instruction set used by the CPU
Machine language is a low-level language composed of the 0s and 1s the CPU uses
Assembly language is very close to machine language, but the CPU cannot directly understand it
Difficult for a person to read and write

26. Code Data Types Used in Computer Programming Algorithms
Data type is the description of values or information that can be accepted
Stored in different ways
Algorithms
Computer algorithm is a series of steps used to perform an action
Map of what needs to be done

27. Code Algorithms Programmers write the code to activate the algorithm
Types of algorithms
Linear algorithms are processed once and solutions are output
Iterative algorithms are repeated until a condition is met

28. Code
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

29. Section 3.1 Review
Convert this hex code into its binary equivalent: 0xF6A9
Convert this binary code into its hex equivalent:
0x:1B53
What is the name of a program that converts higher-level programming language into machine language?
Compiler

30. Section 3.1 Review
What is the difference between a compiler and an interpreter?
A compiler converts the programmer’s code into code the CPU understands, while an interpreter does the same thing as a program is running.
What is the basic difference between a linear algorithm and an iterative algorithm?
A linear algorithm is processed once, while an iterative algorithm is repeated until the terminating condition is met.

31. Section 3.1 Review
IC3 Certification Practice A memory address is stated as 0x14DE. What is the binary equivalent?

32. Section
3.2
Systems and Software

33. Essential Question
Which operating system is the best to use?

34. Section 3.2 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Explain operating systems.
Identify system utility programs.
Describe device drivers.
Discuss programs.

35. Terms accessibility options check box desktop theme device driver
drop-down menu
hibernation
language packs
platform
power down
power options
power states
radio button
sleep
system software
user account
utility programs

36. Operating Systems
System software includes four types of software: the operating system, utility programs, device drivers, and programs
Written for the computer system
Platform is the combination of the operating system and the processor

37. Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

38. Operating Systems Windows Operating System Windows Interface Overview
Desktop metaphor
Icons represent files and programs
Starting Programs in Windows
Start menu lists all programs
Double-click on desktop icon

39. Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

40. Operating Systems Windows Operating System Interface Controls
Radio button looks like a small circle and allows only one selection in a group
Check box looks like a small square and allows many selections in a group
Drop-down menu presents choices in a list

41. Operating Systems Windows Operating System Common Tasks Using Windows
[Ctrl][A] selects all items
[Ctrl][X] cuts items for pasting
[Ctrl][C] copies items
[Ctrl][V] pastes items
[Ctrl][Z] undoes last action
[Alt][Tab] access to all open applications

42. Operating Systems Windows Operating System Starting and Exiting the OS
Power on and power down manually
Log on and off to user account
Switch user to another person
Lock and unlock access to computer

43. Operating Systems Windows Operating System User Accounts
Set of privileges for allowed actions
Each user can personally configure features
Group policies provide the ability for the IT administrator to change permissions and configurations of all or some user accounts for the devices within a group of devices

44. Operating Systems Basic Desktop Configuration Languages Date and Time
Windows supports a wide range of languages
Language packs can be downloaded from Microsoft and installed to change the language of the OS interface
Date and Time
Calculated in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Distributed to 24 time zones around the world

45. Operating Systems Basic Desktop Configuration Visual Options
Configured in one of the available resolutions
Desktop themes set the colors used for window borders, the desktop background, and other visual qualities
Accessibility Options
Assist users with vision, mobility, or hearing impairment
Set in Control Panel through the Ease of Access heading

46. Operating Systems
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

47. Operating Systems Power Configurations Options
Power options manage how the computer uses electricity
Power states conserve power used by CPU
Power saver is low use
Balanced is medium use
High performance is high use

48. Operating Systems Power Configurations Options
Power down turns the computer completely off
Sleep allows rapid restart of all activity, small power use
Hibernation allows restart of all activity, no power use

49. Operating Systems Handheld Device Operating Systems
Operating systems specifically created for handheld devices
Android for non-Apple devices
iOS for Apple devices
Windows Phone for selected smartphones
Blackberry for proprietary devices
Several, mostly open-source operating systems
Different versions of each, just like computer operating systems

50. System Utility Programs
Utility programs assist in managing and optimizing a computer’s performance
File Explorer finds files
Disk defragmenter reorganizes files on disk
Add extra protection against viruses and malware, assist in installing or removing software, find files, and speed up communication

51. Device Drivers
Device driver is a special software program that provides instructions to the operating system for how to use a specific peripheral
Provide flexibility for user
Provide simpler code for OS
Windows auto installs when new hardware is detected

52. Programs Considered application software or production software
Users install to perform work for themselves
Not required for the computer to operate

53. Section 3.2 Review What is the basic function of the operating system?
It provides communication with the user and hardware.
What is a computer platform?
The combination of the operating system and the processor.
Which type of system software assists in managing and optimizing a computer’s performance?
Utility programs

54. Section 3.2 Review
What are special system software programs that provide instructions to the operating system for using a peripheral device?
Device drivers
Which type of system software is used to complete specific activities?
Applications software (or programs)

55. Section 3.2 Review
IC3 Certification Practice Which of the following is not a feature of an operating system? A. Communicate between the application software and the peripheral devices B. Allocate memory C. Save and retrieve files and data D. Edit a photo E. Provide utilities

56. Section
3.3
Application Software

57. Essential Question
How does application software affect your daily life?

58. Section 3.3 Learning Goals
After completing this section, you will be able to:
Explain software licenses.
Describe application software.
Install application software.

59. Terms application software bugs desktop publishing (DTP)
end user license agreement (EULA)
file format
for-purchase software
freeware
integrated development environment (IDE)
open-source software
podcasting
proprietary software
raster-based software
shareware
system requirements

60. Terms
template
vector-based software

61. Software Licenses and Versions
End user license agreement (EULA) is a contract outlining the set of rules that every user must agree to before using the software
Proprietary software is owned by the creator and cannot be sold, copied, or modified by the user without permission from the creator; also called closed software

62. Software Licenses and Versions
Open-source software is software that has no licensing restrictions
Shareware is software that can be installed and used, then purchased if you decide to keep using it

63. Software Licenses and Versions
Freeware is fully functional software that can be used forever without purchasing it
For-purchase software is software you must buy to use, though a timed or limited-use demo may be free

64. Software Licenses and Versions
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

65. Software Licenses and Versions
Software Versions
Developers constantly try to improve software with new features and fewer bugs
Bugs are programming errors or oversights
Numbers indicate major releases
Decimals indicate minor releases

66. Application Software Allows user to perform specific activities
File format indicates the manner in which the data the file contains are stored on the disk
Types of application software
Productivity
Entertainment and Educational
Utility
Development

67. Application Software
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

68. Application Software Productivity Software
Suite is a group of programs, usually with similar interfaces, that provide complementary tasks
Documents
Templates have formatting and organizational suggestions that can help the user create a professional-looking document
Desktop publishing (DTP) is the process of using a computer to typeset text and place illustrations to create, edit, and publish documents

69. Application Software Productivity Software Spreadsheets
Cells in the table contain text, numbers, or mathematical equations
Popular with accountants, payroll administrators, and financial managers
Data Management
Used for tracking large amounts of data
Benefit is seen when the user asks, or queries, the database to show a specific piece of information

70. Application Software Productivity Software Presentations
Provides tools to combine text, photographs, clip art, video, and graphs into a series of slides for playback
Transitions, animations, and sounds

71. Application Software Productivity Software Graphics
Pictures, drawings, photographs, and images used as decoration or to enhance or illustrate a topic
Raster-based software creates graphics composed of dots or pixels
Vector-based software creates graphics composed of lines, curves, and fills based on mathematical formulas

72. Application Software
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher; Andreas Meyer/Shutterstock.com

73. Application Software Productivity Software Digital Audio Videos
Podcasting is the distribution of audio files
Common audio file formats include WAV and MP3
Videos
Create, edit, and publish digital video recordings
Create professional-looking products with little training

74. Application Software Entertainment and Educational Software
Games
Interactive Books
Movie players and video streaming
Education
Learning games
Tutorials

75. Application Software Application Utility Software Development Software
Small programs provided with OS
Not essential to OS operations
Calculator, clock, calendar, text editor, and more
Development Software
Write and edit code in programming languages
Compile high-level code into machine code

76. Application Software Development Software
Link with files to communicate with target OS
Integrated development environment (IDE) provides editing capability to write and correct program codes, compilers to convert the code into machine language, and linkers to make executable files

77. Installing Software
System requirements are specifications for processor speed, RAM, hard drive space, and any additional hardware or software needed to run the software
New Installation
Load new application into computer
Set up so OS can communicate

78. Installing Software
Goodheart-Willcox Publisher

79. Installing Software Updates Uninstallation Sometimes called patches
Fixes to software to correct bugs, remove security issues, or otherwise improve a version of the software
Uninstallation
Removes software from computer
Add or Remove Programs function in the Windows Control Panel will remove software

80. Installing Software Reinstallation
Used when original software becomes corrupted
Same process as installing new software

81. Section 3.3 Review
What is the name given to the permission to use a software program?
End user license agreement (EULA)
What does the file format indicate?
The manner in which the data it contains are stored on the disk.
Describe the difference between raster and vector graphics.
Raster graphics are composed of dots or pixels, while vector graphics are created by the mathematical definition of each element in the graphic.

82. Section 3.3 Review
What should be listed in the system requirements for software?
Specifications for the processor speed, RAM, hard drive space, and any additional hardware or software needed to run the software.
Describe the purpose of a patch or service pack.
To correct bugs, remove security issues, or otherwise improve a version of a software program.

83. Section 3.3 Review
IC3 Certification Practice Determine whether each feature is a function of the OS or the application software. OS
App
Feature
Restart system
Format a document
Communicate with the peripheral devices
Install or uninstall a program
Start a program X X X X X