1. Chapter 22
Section 3,4
Mr. Pressman
Freshman Health

2. Psychoactive
Drugs

4. Effects and Consequences of Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive Drugs- chemicals that effect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain
Four main groups are Stimulants, Depressants, Opiates and Hallucinogens
Some have medical value but when misused or abused, ones health and body’s are seriously affected
Psychoactive drug use can result in health problems and addiction
Drugs of abuse flood the brain with dopamine causing feeling of euphoria. These powerful feelings motivate people to continue taking the drugs.

5. Club Drugs
Many club drugs are designer drugs (synthetic drugs made to imitate the effects of other drugs)
Ectasy (MDMA)- both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects; may cause short term euphoria (feeling of intense well being or elation)
Rohypnol (roofies; date rape drug)- depressants or sedatives that are colorless, odorless and tasteless; tend to slow the central nervous system
GHB- depressant available as a liquid, powder or capsule also known as a date rape drug
Ketamine- anesthetic used to treat animals. Causes hallunications and may result in respiratory failure
Meth- stimulant that speeds up the central nervous system
LSD (acid)- can cause hallucinations and distorted perceptions of sound and color

6. Other Stimulants Nicotine in tobacco
Caffeine
Cocaine- rapidly acting, powerful and highly addictive stimulatn; white powder extracted from leaves of a coca plant; may cause highs followed by emotional letdown
Crack- form of cocaine in rock or freebase rock form; crack reaches the brain in seconds after being smoked or injected
Amphetamines- highly addictive; used to stay alert, improved athletic performance or lose weight

7. Other Depressants Depressants slow the central nervous system
Depressants can slow heart and respiration rates and lower blood pressure
Alcohol
Barbiturates- sedatives
Tranquilizers- relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness and nervousness

8. Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens overload the brain’s sensory controls Hallucinogens alter mood and impair judgment, thoughts and sense perception Using these drugs can lead to heart, respiratory failure and have no medical use Examples: ecstasy, ketamine, LSD, PCP, DXM, mushrooms, peyote
PCP- angel dust, creates a distorted sense of time, increased muscle strength and feelings of violence, and the inability to feel pain
DXM- tussin, cough suppressant sold as an over the counter medicine; if misused can cause hallucinations, paranoia, panic attacks and addiction
Mushrooms and Peyote- found in nature as a fungus and plant

9. Opiates
Opiates or nacotics are drugs such as those derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
Effective pain relievers and can be highly addictive
Codeine- ingredient in some prescription cough medicine; may cause drowsiness
Morphine- much stronger drug used to treat severe pain but is generally only used short term
Heroin- processed form of morphine that is injected, snorted or smoked; illegal drug
Oxycodone- prescription drug that helps relieve moderate to severe pain; brand name is Oxycontin

10. Living Drug Free

11. Resisiting Pressure to Use Drugs
Committing to be Drug Free
Healthy Alternatives
Almost 62 percent of high school students have never tried marijuana nd more than 90 percent have never tried cocaine
Choose friends who share your attitude about drug use and avoid places where drugs are available
Hobbies
Sports
Community Activities
School Organizations

12. Drug Prevention Efforts
School Efforts
Community Efforts
Drug free school zones (areas within 1,000 to 1,500 feet of schools and designated by signs within which people caught selling drugs receive more severe penalties)
Drug education classes
Zero tolerance policies
Expulsion of students using drugs
Drug watches (organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol, monitor, report and try to stop drug deals and drug abuse)
Anti-drug programs

13. Guide to Helping a Friend Become Drug Free
Identify sources of help in the community
Talk to the person when he or she is sober.
Listen to the person’s response . Be prepared for anger or denial.
Offer to go with your friend to a counselor or support group.
Rehabilitation- process of medical or psychological treatment for dependence on drugs and alcohol
Outpatient drug treatment
Short term treatment
Maintenance treatment
Therapeutic treatment

14. Overview Many illegal drugs often contain unknown ingredients.
Stimulants include legal drugs, such as nicotine, caffeine, and many medicines, and illegal drugs, such a cocaine and crack.
Hallucinogens can result in flashbacks that often cause mental and emotional problems that can occur long after use.
Choosing to remain drug-free will protect your health.
You can use refusal skills to maintain your commitment to remaining drug-free.
Drug-free school zones and drug watches are two ways that communities help young people avoid drugs.