1. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Improving the Effectiveness of Canister Based PAMS and Air Toxics Continuous Monitoring Systems D.B. Cardin, V. Shetty, K.L. Langford Entech Instruments, Inc.

2. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Objectives Identify Strengths and Weaknesses of Canister Based Continuous Monitoring Systems Describe a new Faster, Easier, and more Efficient Approach using Canisters

3. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Canister Sampling Advantages Over AutoGCs Allows Centralized Location for Analysis / Analyst –More Efficient use of Analysts Time –Better Availability of Supplies –More Sophisticated Equipment (GCMS instead of GC) No Inter-Instrument Bias - 3 Sites analyzed by 1 System Fewer Analytical Systems to Maintain and Calibrate Potential for Multiple Analyses Less Data Loss –Analyst Responds faster to Problems. –Sampler Continues Collecting Samples if GC System is Down

4. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Centralized Lab Analyzers 12 CS6 CS5 CS4 CS1 CS2 CS3 Six Sites Monitored with Just 2 Analyzers

5. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs No Samplers with Over 16 Positions Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer Canisters Are Large and Expensive –Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters Canisters must be Cleaned –Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems –1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning

6. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue No Samplers with Over 16 Positions Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer Canisters Are Large and Expensive –Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters Canisters must be Cleaned –Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems –1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs

7. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 1320 32-Position Field Sampler and 1L MiniCans Bridging The Gap Between Tubes and Canisters

8. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Quick Connect Fittings Speed Up Canister Connection Only 15 Minutes to Replace Canisters During Site Visits

9. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Inlet 0-15 psia Absolute Pressure Sensor Isolatch Valve (Pos 17-32) Isolatch Valve (Pos 1-16) Cans 1-16Cans 17-32 0-50 sccm MFC 1320 Sampling into 32 Canisters

10. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Advantages of Non-Pressurized Sampling No Pumps to Add Contamination to Canisters No Pumps to Wear Out - Reduced Maintenance No Condensation of Water –No Chance for Fouling up Inlet MFC –No Analyte Loss in Condensed Water –Less Opportunity for Analyte Carryover –Less Contaminant Formation –Canisters Remain Clean Longer Sample Remains Homogeneous

11. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue PC Controlled Software

12. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Example 4 Site Servicing Schedule for 3 Hour Continuous Monitoring Site Day Time # Cans #Cases 1 Tues 9 AM 24 3 2 Tues 11 AM 24 3 3 Tues 1 PM 24 3 4 Tues 3 PM 24 3 1 Fri 11 AM 32 4 2 Fri 1 PM 32 4 3 Fri 3 PM 32 4 4 Fri 4:30 PM 32 4

13. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue No Samplers with Over 16 Positions Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer Canisters Are Large and Expensive –Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters Canisters must be Cleaned –Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems –1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs

14. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 18 6L Canisters vs 18 1L MiniCans in Carrying Cases

15. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 9 1L MiniCans in Carrying Cases

16. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 32 MiniCans Consume Less Space In Monitoring Stations Rack Mountable, Keeping Canisters out of the Way Requires Much Less Space than AutoGC Systems

17. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Are 1 Liter Canisters Large Enough? Instrument: 7100 Preconcentrator ApplicationDetectorSample Vol. LOD PAMSFID 400cc 0.1 PPB(c) PAMS5973 MS 400cc 0.05 PPB(v) Air Toxics5973 MS 400cc 0.05 PPB(v) Air Toxics (SIMS) 5973 MS 400cc 0.005 PPB(v) Limited to Single Analysis - OK for Continuous Monitoring

18. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue No Samplers with Over 16 Positions Too Much Time Needed to Attach Canisters to Sampler, Cleaner, Laboratory Analyzer Canisters Are Large and Expensive –Requires 56 Canisters per week per site to monitor continuously every 3 hours No Room at Monitoring Sites to Accommodate Large Numbers of 6L Canisters Canisters must be Cleaned –Limited to 8 6L Canisters at a Time on Most Cleaning Systems –1 in 8 Canisters (12.5%) must be Reanalyzed After Cleaning Canister Sampling Disadvantages Over AutoGCs

19. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Clean 21 (or 42) Canisters Simultaneously 3 Batches a day equals 63 Canisters Supports 7 sites with single 21 position manifold Supports 14 sites with two 21 position manifolds

20. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Heat Canisters up to 150 C During Cleaning

21. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Analyzing 1L MiniCans

22. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue MiniCan Filling with 5 Component Sulfur Standard. Blended Sulfur Standard being Introduced into a MiniCan Through a Front Quick Connect Fitting Used for Sulfur Stability Study

23. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue MiniCan Vacuum Samplers Allow Direct Collection of Ingredient and Process Headspace Collection of Remote Headspace Samples Improves Monitoring Efficiency. MiniCan Samplers are Silonite TM Coated to reduce surface losses. Monitor Process Streams, Holding Tanks, Rail Cars, Reactors, etc.

24. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 1 Week TO14 Stability Test 1 Liter MiniCan Concentration: 10 PPB Volume: 400cc Instrument: 7100/5973 GCMS Column: HP1, 60m, 0.32ID, 1um Column Start Temp: 35 deg. C

25. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue TO14 Chromatogram, Front End

26. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue PAMS C2-C10 GC/FID Analysis - Light Ends GC: 5890 Column: 60m, 0.32mmID, 1um, DB1 Preconc: MP&T, 400cc, 30ppbc Std GC Start Temp: -50 for 4 minutes

27. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue 7032-L/5890 GC/FID 15m DB1, 0.53mm ID, 1um 500 PPB 1 Week Holding Time

28. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue

29. H2S (3 PPB) COS MESH DMS CS2 1 PPB Sulfur Standard MC400 MiniCan 5 Day Holding Time 7100/5973 GCMS

30. hit esc to quit hit any key to continue Conclusion Continuous Monitoring with 1 Liter MiniCans retains the advantages of canister based methods while eliminating most of the disadvantages Transportation to and from sampling sites can be done in virtually any sized vehicle Keeps the analyst in the lab, rather than on the road May eliminate the Need for separate carbonyl samplers, which currently require site visits every few days regardless of whether canisters or an AutoGC is being used.