1. Conceptual and methodological developments Cultural employment Agenda point 9
European Commission - DG Eurostat
MEETING OF THE WORKING GROUP ON CULTURE STATISTICS
23-24 November 2016

2. Content Part I. Estimation issues
Countries providing less than 3 digits for NACE / 4 digits for ISCO
Partly cultural codes at the most detailed level
Part 2. Proposals for scope amendment
From comparison between UIS and Eurostat data on cultural employment
Internal consistency of the European framework (ISCO and NACE codes)
Intuitive approach

3. Part I
Estimation issues

4. Cultural employment estimation: 2 cases
Codification detail in EU-LFS
Algorithm adapted to ISCO-4 digits & NACE-3digits
Minimal legal requirement in EU-LFS: ISCO-3 digits x NACE 2-digits
2015 data: ISCO 4d x NACE3d from 18 MS + 3 non-EU countries (= estimation needed for 10 MS)
Partly cultural codes at the most detailed level
Ex: NACE 581 (publishing activities) partly cultural at 3 digits:
5811, 5813, 5814 FULLY cultural (books, newspapers, journals and periodicals)
5812, 5819 NOT cultural (directories and mailing lists, and others)
-> need for estimating the ( ) part in 581

5. Case 1: codification details in EU-LFS
Current practice
Using of data from ISCO 4-digits x NACE 3-digits countries (18 MS)
Calculation of cultural weights from those data
Extrapolation to other countries having a lower codification level
Alternatives
Culture dedicated survey: too high workload
EXPECTED solution: increased minimal requirement in EU-LFS to ISCO 4-digits x NACE 3-digits (firstly as gentlemen agreement, possible reguirement in the IESS regulation – entry in force from 2019 or 2020)

6. Case 2: Partly cultural codes
Current practice
Those codes are simply ignored in the algorithm (considered as non-cultural)
Partly included yet, through the ISCO-NACE cross-tabulation algorithm (economic activity "retrieved" in the occupation)
Alternatives
Ad-hoc data collection: confidentiality/reliability issues
Arbitrary cultural weight (e.g. include 10% of the partly cultural code)
Cultural weights to be provided by countries: standardisation issue
Cultural weights to be derived from other more detailed sources (e.g. SBS data are available at NACE 4-digit): comparability and compilation issues

7. Part II
Amendment of the scope

8. Amendment of the European scope
Current scope : ESSnet report (2012) list of NACE and ISCO codes
Why changing?
World is changing
Internal consistency of the ESSnet framework
Harmonisation with UIS scope
Intuitive approach
Eurostat proposal for an enlarged framework
Limited number of NACE and ISCO codes proposed
Status: to be discussed
A universal statistical cultural scope is utopy

9. Amendment of the European scope
Reason 1: Internal consistency of the ESSnet framework
NACE:
742 Photographic activities
(ISCO 3431 Photographers included as fully cultural)
743 Translation and interpretation activities
(ISCO 2643 Translators and interpreters included as fully cultural)
Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet
742: mainly cultural (ESSnet p. 71) but non-cultural components (film processing, plates, ..)
743: mainly cultural due to the translation component, not fully cultural (ESSnet report p. 65)

10. Amendment of the European scope
Reason 2: UIS scope as an input
NACE:
742 Photographic activities
Retail sale of books, newspapers, stationery, music and video recordings
7722 Renting of video tapes and disks
ISCO:
3118 Draughtspersons
2353 Language teachers
2632 Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals
2164 (Town and traffic planners) and 2165 (Cartographers and surveyers)
Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet
NACE 4-digit codes ( ): not possible to include in employment estimates (4 digits) but possibly in cultural enterprise stats
ISCO 3118: draughtpersons are even not mentioned in the ESSnet report
ISCO 2165 cartographers are explicitely excluded, no explanation
ISCO represent at EU level around 20% of 216 (EU-LFS 2014 data), with important variance across countries

11. Amendment of the European scope
UIS cultural codes not retained
NACE 6399 Other information services n.e.c (ESSnet: only News agencies incl.)
ISCO 7522 Cabinet-makers and related workers
ISCO 753 Garment and related trades workers (Tailors, dressmakers, furriers and hatters, sewing, embroidery, shoemakers, etc.)
ISCO 753: as for ISCO 3118 (draughtpersons) they are even not mentioned in the ESSnet report

12. Amendment of the European scope
Reason 3: ESSnet "related" codes
NACE:
1811 Printing of newspapers
1812 Other printing
182 Reproduction of recorded media
322 Manufacture of musical instruments
Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet
Related activities are "industrial activities that are linked to culture (manufacturing and printing
transform a mass reproduction good into a cultural good available for consumption), without being
included in the core framework on culture for the production of data." (Essnet report, p. 72)
In other words, they do not give a cultural value to the product, but make it available for wide consumption, by mass reproduction (cf. dissemination function)

13. Amendment of the European scope
Reason 4: last codes proposed (intuitive approach)
NACE:
2633 Philosophers, historians and political scientists
9491 Activities of religious organisations
ISCO:
2636 Religious professionals
3413 Religious associate professionals
Note: italics = codes considered as partly cultural by the ESSnet
ISCO 2633 are partly cultural in ESSnet, in relation to cultural heritage
Religion-related codes are proposed in the Cultural heritage context: a system of beliefs makes the cultural identity

14. Amendment of the European scope
Reason 5: practical reason
NACE 581 (Publishing activities):
Discarded from the Eurostat estimations due to a partly cultural status:
5811, 5813 & 5814 (books, newspapers, journals and periodicals): fully cultural
5812 (directories and mailing lists) & 5819 (other): not cultural
BUT evidence (SBS data) for a large cultural weight (90% at EU level). Resulting 'overinclusion' would have a limited impact on data.
This inclusion is not anodyne: we expect an increase of +6.7% at EU level (2014 data)

15. WG members are asked to:
Comment on the current solutions for addressing estimation issues
Provide reservations, if any, on the ISCO and NACE codes proposed for inclusion in the European cultural framework

16. Summary: list of codes proposed for inclusion
label
ESSnet
NACE codes
742
Photographic activities X
743
Translation and interpretation
4761-3
Retail sale of books, newspapers, music and video recordings
7722
Renting of video tapes and disks
581
Publishing of books, periodicals and other
\5812,5819
ISCO codes
3118
Draughtspersons
2353
Language teachers
2164
Town and traffic planners
2165
Cartographers and surveyers
2632
Sociologists, anthropologists and related professionals
2633
Philosophers, historians and political scientists
'Related' NACE codes
1811-2
Printing of newspapers and other printing R
182
Reproduction of recorded media
322
Manufacture of musical instruments
Religion?
N. 9491
Activities of religious organisations
I. 2636
Religious professionals
I. 3413
Religious Associate Professionals
Summary: list of codes proposed for inclusion
in italics: not part of the UIS scope
NACE 4-digit codes ( ): not possible to include in employment estimates (4 digits) but possibly in cultural enterprise stats
ISCO represent at EU level around 20% of 216 (EU-LFS 2014 data), with important variance across countries
1811, 1812: not captured in EU-LFS (according to SBS data, 2014, the sum is over 2/3 of 181 in all EU countries with available data)
including 181 as a whole (incl. Prepress and binding services) could imply, for internal consistency, the inclusion of ISCO 732 Printing Trades Workers (as suggested by Spain), or only ISCO 7322 (printers, not prepress and finishing/binding)