1. The Cold War

2. Cold War
The Cold War was a time after WW2 when the USA and the Soviet Union were rivals for world influence.

3. Two sides of Cold War NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
USA, France, Great Britain, Canada, West Germany
CAPITALISM
Warsaw Pact – pro Soviet countries – USSR, East Germany, and all countries controlled by the USSR.
COMMUNISM

4. The Ideological Struggle
Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”]
US & the Western Democracies
GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world.
GOAL  spread world-wide Communism

5. METHODOLOGIES:
Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars”
Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

6. The “Iron Curtain”
From Stettin in the Balkans, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lies the ancient capitals of Central and Eastern Europe Sir Winston Churchill, 1946

7. The Road to the Iron Curtain
Soviets reached Berlin first (Hitler found dead in bunker—a suicide)
Victory in Europe (V-E Day) proclaimed May 8, 1945
War in Europe finally over after nearly six years, both Europe and Asia in ruins
Tens of millions dead; heaviest losses in Eastern Europe
Germany, Japan, and China had also suffered greatly
Physical devastation; cities, villages, and farms destroyed
National economies near collapse
Millions uprooted
former prisoners of war, survivors of concentration camps, refugees of fighting and of national border changes

8. Atlantic Charter (1941) Joint declaration of Churchill and Roosevelt
Outlined purpose of war (to provide freedom from fear)
Sought no territorial gains
All nations could choose their own government
Work for mutual prosperity

9. Tehran Conference December 1943 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Agreed on schedule for D-Day invasion
Would work together in peace after the war (United Nations was tentatively agreed on)

10. Yalta (in the USSR)
Feb. 1945
Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin

11. Yalta Conference
Held in Soviet territory in early 1945; Allies on brink of military victory
Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill agreed on plans for Germany
Primary goal to reach agreement on postwar Europe
Stalin got his way with Eastern Europe because the Soviet Union had suffered terribly (20 million died)
Confirmed decision to organize the United Nations

12. Potsdam (in Germany
July 1945
Churchill/Atlee, Truman, and Stalin

13. Potsdam Conference Churchill/Atlee, Stalin, and Truman
Four power control over Germany.
Disagreements over “spheres of influence”.
Stalin has less bargaining power.
Cold War begins.

14. Divided Germany Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill
to describe the
separating of
Those communist
lands of East
Europe from the
West.
Divided Germany

15. Improve your knowledge
Divided Berlin
The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

16. The “iron curtain”
Potsdam conference ended with little agreement over key issues.
Stalin continued to influence Eastern European nations and by 1946 Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania all had Communist governments.
Churchill described it as an iron-curtain, the name stuck.

18. Capitalism vs. Communism
Today’s task is to ensure our understanding of the two competing ideologies during the Cold War:
Capitalism
Communism
Your next small assignment is a small poster that will demonstrate your understanding of communism or capitalism. Use the information in the next slides to help you.

19. Sort the following keywords into two groups. Communism & Capitalism
Freedom
Collective
Equality
Individual
Community
Totalitarian
Democratic
Free competition
State-owned
private

20. What is Capitalism & Communism?
Both are ideologies (a set of beliefs)
Both talk about the economy and how the economy should run
Capitalism:
Little government involvement in the economy
Let people decide what to do with their money
INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM IS THE FOCUS
Communism:
Lots of government involvement in the economy
Government decides what is best for everybody
EQUALITY IS THE FOCUS

21. Cold War Propaganda
As we look at some examples of American and Soviet propaganda, take note of the characteristics.
EQUALITY VS. FREEDOM

22. How to Read a Historical Image
SIGHT
Scan for important details
What is being shown? What is the focus of the image?
Identify the conflict or tension (if one)
Guess the creator’s message or intent
What point of view is being displayed?
Hear the voices
If they could speak, what would they say?
Whose voices are absent or ignored? Why?
Talk about your observations

23. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples-of- american-cold-war- propaganda-2918

24. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples-of- american-cold-war- propaganda-2918

25. http://www. designer-daily

26. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples- of-american-cold- war-propaganda-2918

27. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples-of- american-cold-war- propaganda-2918

28. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples-of- american-cold-war- propaganda-2918

29. http://www. designer- daily
daily.com/examples-of-american- cold-war-propaganda-2918

31. How did the USA try to contain communism?

32. Emerging Super Powers What happened to Britain & France?
Why was their tension between the USA and the USSR? Weren’t they friends and allies before?

33. Greece as a beginning…
Complete your handout.

34. Truman Doctrine
The USA was prepared to send money, equipment and advice to any country which was, in the American view, threatened by a Communist take-over.
Essentially it helped countries resisting communism.

35. Marshall Plan
USA’s plan to send food, blankets, fuel to Europe to help them AND to keep them from turning communist.

36. Marshall Plan – helped countries economically so they won’t go red.

38. Is this generous or self-interest?
Discuss with your partner for a few minutes.

39. Domino Theory

40. Refusing to trade or aid countries in order to punish them
Embargoes
Refusing to trade or aid countries in order to punish them

41. Cuba embargo
Still today, the USA has an economic embargo on communist Cuba.
Their only cars are from before the embargo!

42. Why all the talk about the Berlin Wall?
By 1946, Britain, France, & the USA combined their zones in Germany to form West Germany. Their goal was to help Germany recover (not too quickly!).
In response Stalin blockaded Berlin. He did not like what the Western countries were doing and he wanted to force them out of Berlin.
What would you do?

44. June 1948 Allies air-lift supplies into West Berlin.
No shots were fired, but planes flew for ten months supplying West Berlin.
Eventually the USSR gave up.

45. Berlin Wall Berlin is Germany’s capital city.
The Soviets built the wall to keep people from escaping to the American sector.
1961
Started as a barbed wire barricade and evolved into the concrete structure we know today.