1. Non-Biological Evidence

2. Documents

3. Ink
Every company and brand used a different ink formula. We can use chromatography to see different mixtures of ink.
Paper chromatography is a process that uses special filter paper to separate and identify the different substances in a mixture.
How chromatography works:
Movement on paper
Heavy (large) molecules stay near the bottom of the paper vs light (small) molecules move towards the top of the paper
Detect different mixtures of ink
Can also use mass spectrometry to detect different ink mixtures.

4. Ink
A small dot of the following 3 inks were placed on a piece of chromatography paper, 2 cm from the bottom of the paper.
A – Generic permanent marker
B – Crayola marker
C – Vis-a-Vis wet erase marker
The bottom edge of this paper was then placed in a beaker of water for 30 minutes. The results are shown on the left.
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA): Using Ms. Cobler’s ink chromatography results. Make a statement inferring something about these inks. Use qualitative and quantitative evidence.
STOP Point

5. Forgery
The act of duplicating a signature, work of art, check, bank notes, or (legal) documents.
Generally forgeries are made for profit of the forger.
Document experts will examine inks, paper types and composition, chemical reactivity (if possible), carbon dating/aging.

6. Counterfeiting
Research question: Why is Counterfeiting illegal and how does it affect our economy?
Access the following links and For each security feature listed in the table below describe what makes this security feature difficult to reproduce/how it deters counterfeiting and any interesting facts (other interesting facts may be found in the links on the left side of the ‘How is money made’ link.
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA): Choose 1 security feature and defend why you believe it is the most important security feature on our US currency.
Security Feature
Description & Interesting Facts
How it Deters Counterfeiting
Currency Denomination
3D Security Strip
Color Shifting Ink
Serial Number
Micro-printing
STOP Point

7. Handwriting Evidence for Gradebook (CFA): Handwriting analysis CFA
PRACTICE: Obtain a handwriting sample and the handwriting characteristics chart.
Using the chart with the twelve characteristics, choose which of the known samples matches the unknown sample at the top of the page. Use at least five characteristics to explain/describe how you know the samples match.
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA): Handwriting analysis CFA
STOP Point

8. Forensic Psychology and Criminal Profiling
Notes and Mini Research Project

9. Forensic Psychology

10. Criminal Profiling - Notes - copy into notebook
This is will a basic overview of the criminal profiling process.
There are 6 Stages to this process.
Ⅰ - Input
Ⅱ - Decision Process Models
Ⅲ - Crime Assessment
Ⅳ - Create a Criminal Profile
Ⅴ - Investigation
Ⅵ - Apprehension of Suspect

11. Information Gathering Stage
Criminal Profilers and Forensic Psychologists gather as much information about the crime as possible. Including studying the Victimology [extensive knowledge and study of the victim(s)] of the crime.
Input
Information Gathering Stage I

12. DECISION MAKING PROCESSES
Analysis Stage
3 Processes:
Classify the Crime
Determine the Motive
Risk Assessment II

13. Days, weeks, months yearsII
Classify the Crime
Determine type of crime: Murder (our main focus, there are other crimes)
Type of Murder
# of Victims
# of Locations
# of Events
Cooling off Period
Single Homicide 1
N/A
Double Homicide 2
Triple Homicide 3
Mass Murder
4 or more
Killing Spree
2 or more
NONE
Serial Murder
3 or mroe
3 or more
Days, weeks, months years

14. II Determine Motive What motivates the criminal to murder people?
Financial Motivation:
Crime is the main source of their income.
Crime is how they fund their habits or families or lifestyle.
Examples: burglary, contract killing, insurance fraud, embezzlement
Sexual motivation:
Driven by sexual urges but not always sex.
Examples: rape, sexual assault, dismemberment, mutilation
Emotional motivation:
Driven by any number of human emotions, family, religion, personal reasons
Examples: Crime of passion, murder during an argument, spree killing, terrorism

15. II Assessing Risk All answers are rated at High, Med, Low risk.
How easy or difficult was it for the perpetrator to attack the victim?
Where did the crime take place?
What time did it take place? How many people generally frequent this area?
What is the foot traffic or car traffic like at that time of day?
What had the victim been doing previously?
All answers are rated at High, Med, Low risk.
Kidnapping or murdering an individual in an alleyway is a much lower risk than murdering someone in the bathroom at a restaurant Someone poisoning their significant other is much more risky than poisoning someone they do not know.

16. III CRIME ASSESSMENT Modus Operendi: Method of operation (MO)
Well organized - Logical thinking, intelligent, capable of planning and carrying out said plan
Disorganized - Emotional, spur of the moment, panic, stress, drug, alcohol, mental illness.
Signature:
Some perpetrators leave a signature to identify the victim as theirs.
EXAMPLES: The zodiac killer (symbol on a letter sent to a media outlet) or the Boston strangler (tied a piece of the victims clothing around their neck in a bow shape).

17. IV
Create a Criminal Profile Use in the Investigation Apprehension of Suspect V VI
Continue onto the Criminal Profiling Project This link can be found on our class website.
Evidence for Gradebook:
STOP Point

18. Impression Evidence Shoe impressions Bite mark Impressions
SLIDES THAT SAY
“Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):” mean you must submit the data/notes/answers to the questions to be graded.
But only submit your work
when you reach a 
Impression Evidence
Shoe impressions
Bite mark Impressions
Tire Impressions
Tool Impressions
STOP Point

19. Classification of Impressions
Patent – Visible 2D impression evidence, made in paint, blood, liquids, etc.
Plastic – Visible 3D impression evidence, made in mud, clay, snow, etc..
Latent – Impressions than cannot be detected without development.

20. Shoeprint impression evidence
SHOEPRINT ANALYSIS - Materials: Ruler
What is the subjects shoe size?
Find 3 shoeprints of the same shoe size, for the same gender. How do the measurements of shoeprint length compare?
Find 3 shoes of the same brand, how do the sole patterns compare?
Find 3 shoes of different brands, how do the sole patterns compare?
WALKING/RUNNING SHOEPRINT ANALYSIS - Materials: Meter stick
How many shoeprints appear on the paper for the walking trial? Running trial? (for each paper)
What is the average distance between each set of shoeprints (running vs walking)? This is called gait
Does the shape of the shoe print differ between running vs walking? If so, describe
How do short females and males gaits differ from tall female and males gait?
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):
Example table for 5 & 6
FEMALE
MALE
SHORT
TALL
WALKING: Number of Steps
WALKING: Inches between steps
RUNNING: Number of Steps
RUNNING: Inches between steps

21. Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):
DATA ANALYSIS
12 inches = 1 foot
LEFT: a scatter plot of peoples shoe sizes vs their height in inches.
Is there a trend in this data? If so, state the trend you see.
Do you believe, based on this data that a persons shoe size can indicate their height? If so, how specifically, would it be a wide range, small range, or exact heights? Give examples from the data to support your statements.
Would you use this data to convict a suspect in a court of law?
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):

22. Collecting ShoePrints

23. Collecting ShoePrints

24. Examples of Impression Evidence: Shoeprints
Read the Introduction to this article:
communications/fsc/july2009/review/2009_07_review02.htm
Can determine general height and shoe side of an individual
Can also determine the brand of shoe.
Each major shoe brand has its own tread pattern, ex. Converse, Vans.
Make a statement, citing evidence from the previous two activities, two videos and the article, stating how shoe prints can be tested and analyze by forensic scientists and then used as evidence in a court or law.
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):
STOP Point

25. Examples of Impression Evidence used in court
Bite Marks
Dental records are extremely well kept.
Every persons teeth are unique and the structure of
each persons bite is also unique. As unique as your DNA
or a fingerprint
Lab Activity:
Observe the 3 known bite mark impressions.
How many teeth does each person have?
How does the structure and organization of each set of teeth differ?
Any similarities?
Choose 1 unknown. Submit a report, Who does this bite mark belong to and how do you know? Be specific with your statement and use the teeth map to aid in making your report.
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):

26. Tire impression evidence
Materials: Paint, paint brush, 5 mini vehicles, newspaper, ruler, and blue butcher paper
Choose a vehicle. Using a paint brush, lightly coat one of the tires in black paint. When the tread of the tire is coated place the painted tire on one end of the blue butcher paper and role the vehicle to the opposite side of the paper.
Repeat step 2 for each vehicle. NOTE: One of these vehicles has two different tires sizes, repeat step two for both tires. (make sure you label which tire tread belongs to which vehicle!
When you have tire prints for all five vehicles, describe the pattern of each tread and measure the width of each tread.
Obtain an unknown tire tread from Ms. Cobler.
DATA ANALYSIS
Which vehicle does your unknown tire tread belong too?
How do you know?
Evidence for Gradebook (CFA):
STOP Point

27. Types Impression Evidence
Tire Impressions
Each tire tread is unique to each company and sometimes to a specific car make/model/year

28. You have COMPLETED this topic when you have submitted the following.
Chromatography/Handwriting CFA
Counterfeiting Activity Evidence
Criminal Profiling Project
Shoeprint Impression Evidence Analysis
Bite mark Impression Evidence Analysis
Tire Impressions Evidence Analysis
If you are unhappy with your grade based on the scores of the above body of evidence you can try and raise your score by taking the final topic exam January 9th or 11th.