1. Focus Lesson: Please grab the new handout from the front table.
We will be completing the definition column today. Fold your handout to make this easier.

2. Essential Question
Why is the sequence of nucleotides in DNA molecules so important?
Daily Objectives:
SWBAT explain how the structure of DNA codes for the production of proteins.
SWBAT determine the proteins produced given a strand of DNA and a codon chart.

3. How will we get there? Last Class This Class Vocabulary Quiz
You must MAKE THIS UP if you missed it.
Review Genetics Home Learning
Notes: Protein Synthesis
How does DNA code for the proteins that we SEE????
Home Learning: Look up your quiz grade and track it in your notebook.
Focus Lesson: DNA Macromolecule
Notes: Protein Synthesis
How does DNA code for the proteins that we SEE????
We need to finish up our notes on page 11, and the reflections on page 10
Group Practice
Boom Bag
Home Learning: Transcription and Translation Practice (Page 13 and 12)

4. Video: Making RNA, Decoding it, Building a Protein
Remember our video norms!
Heads UP!
Hands FREE!
Eyes FORWARD!

5. Step 1: Make RNA Ribonucleic Acid Single stranded Made in the Nucleus
Monomer: Nucleotides-
sugar (ribose), phosphate, nitrogen base:
A-U, G-C
U= Uracil
What qualitative observations do you notice about the nitrogen bases found in RNA?

6. Always remember…
RNA loves U

7. Why is RNA single stranded?
DNA cannot leave the nucleus, so in order to make proteins, mRNA must be made.
Tiny window.
WIDE bottom.

8. Page 10- top half
Compare and Contrast
DNA
Both
RNA

9. DNA Both RNA -both are used in transcription
Answers!- Check your work
DNA Both RNA
-both are used in transcription
-made up of phosphates, sugars and nitrogen bases
-contain genetic information
-use G, C and A
single stranded
A=U
uses the sugar ribose
Can leave the nucleus
used in translation
double stranded
A=T
uses the sugar deoxyribose
cannot leave the nucleus
used in DNA Replication

10. So how do we make RNA?
Now that we know what RNA is, and why it is needed. Let’s finish up STEP ONE: MAKE RNA.

11. Make RNA: Transcription
(DNAmRNA)
DNA unzips- How?
mRNA is made from the DNA template
This happens in the nucleus.
Following base pair rules
Draw a Picture of Transcription in your notes:
Transcription
1 DNA
1 mRNA

12. Practice with Transcription
Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace T with U).
DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT
RNA strand: UAA UCC G
DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA
RNA strand:

13. Practice with Transcription
Check your work!
Practice with Transcription
Let’s practice transcription! I’ll give you one strand of DNA, and you complete the complementary strand of RNA. (Remember, in RNA replace T with U).
DNA strand: ATT AGG CCG GAT TAG CCT ATT
RNA strand:UAA UCC GGC CUA AUC GGA UAA
DNA strand: ATT GCA TTA TCG ATT ATC CTA
RNA strand: UAA CGU AAU AGC UAA UAG GAU

14. So now we have RNA… what next?
So RNA is made, it can sneak out of the nucleus to carry DNA’s secret message. HOW DOES THE RIBOSOME READ IT?

15. On page 10- Bottom half Copy down this code: UGCGACUACUGA
Use the following decoder to decipher the following code WRITE IT BIG:
GAC = Shum GGG = Your
UGA = Awesome AAG = White
CAC = teacher CGA = School
GCU = Awful UGC = Ms.
UAC = Is CCA = Biology
UCC = Ed ACC = High

16. (3 nucleotides=1 codon=1 amino acid)
Notes Page 11
Step 2: Decode RNA
Translation- changing the language
From mRNA nucleotides into amino acids in the ribosome (rRNA)
mRNA is “read” with each set of 3 nucleotides acting like a word
Each of these 3 letter words is called a codon,
Different codons code for different amino acids.
Ex: AUG=amino acid methionine
GCA=amino acid alanine
(3 nucleotides=1 codon=1 amino acid)

17. CODONS are as easy as 1,2,3!
A codon is a 3 nucleotide sequence of mRNA
Example:
AUG
What does AUG code for?

18. Step 3: Building the protein
Synthesis
The amino acids link together to form a protein polymer
What is another biological term for protein?
Amino Acid chain = Protein
1 mRNA

19. Step 3: Building The protein
tRNA (transport RNA) brings in amino acids according to the codon
These attach on the mRNA in the ribosome

20. DNA ---- mRNA ------ Protein

21. Translation Practice
-Let’s practice translation! I’ll give you the mRNA strand, and you figure out what amino acids it codes for.
(Remember, 3 nucleotides=1 amino acid)
You will need a text book.
PAGE 244
mRNA: AUG CCC UUU GAG AAG CGU amino acid chain: methionine-proline

22. Practice Continued
mRNA strand: AUG GGG UGG AGA AGU GUG UGA amino acid chain:

23. Practice continued
mRNA strand: AUG AGU AAC CCA UAA
amino acid chain:

24. Home Learning
Complete the 11 questions on Page 13 to practice what we’ve learned today.
There are 4 steps at the bottom of the worksheet for how to complete Page 12.