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A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information

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Presentation on theme: "A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information"— Presentation transcript:

1 A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information
Mutations A change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information

2 Germ cell mutations Occurs in gametes
Do NOT affect the organism but are passed on to offspring

3 Somatic Cell Mutations
Occurs in body cells Affects the individual

4 Types of Mutations A. Chromosomal Mutations
Occurs during cell division

5 Deletion Loss of all or part of a chromosome
Opposite of duplication (segment is repeated

6 Inversion Part of a chromosome becomes oriented in reverse of its usual direction Ex. TAGTAGTAG-- TAGTAGGAT

7 Translocation Part of one chromosome breaks off & attaches to another, nonhomologous chromosome

8 Nondisjunction When a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis Ex. Trisomy 21 – Down Syndrome

9 B. Gene Mutations Results in different proteins being made

10 Point Mutation Involves one nucleotide in DNA sequence being substituted Ex. TAG TCG

11 Frameshift Mutation One nucleotide is deleted or inserted, the code is shifted Ex. TAGTAG --- TAGAG TAGTAG --- TAGTAAG

12 Causes of Mutations Mutagens- environmental factors which damage DNA

13 A. Chemicals B. Electromagnetic Radiation (X-rays) C. UV Light

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