1. The United States and Canada
Human Geography

2. The United States
a “nation of immigrants”, settled by people from all over the world
The most diverse and highly industrialized and urbanized nation in the world.

3. Creating a nation Many peoples settled the land
First inhabitants were nomads from Asia that came to North America over 13,000 years ago
Became the Native American groups that were scattered throughout the continent
The Europeans showed up in the 15th century calling the area the “new world”.
The Spanish arrived first!
“In 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue.”
Glory, God, and Gold!!!
The French and English come over in the 1600s and 1700s
First English settlement is Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
Colombian Exchange!!!!

4. Establishing and Maintaining the Union
By 1763, Great Britain controlled all of the land east of the Mississippi
1776 – United States declares independence
American Revolution (1775 – 1783)
Westward expansion takes over
1803 – Louisiana Purchase
Political and economic tensions between the agricultural south and the industrial north led to the Civil War

5. An Industrial and Urban Society
Westward Expansion continues
Native Americans were removed from their homelands by the U.S. government to make room for American settlers
Immigration
From about 14 million people, mostly from Europe, came to the United States
Mostly settled in large cities in the east to work in factories
New York
Boston
Pittsburgh
Cleveland
Detroit
Chicago
The nation became an urban industrial nation.

6. World Power WWI : 1914-1918 WWII: 1939 -1945 The Cold War: 1945 – 1991
The U.S. did not get involved until 1917
WWII:
The U.S. did not get involved until 1941
The Cold War: 1945 – 1991
The U.S. became the leader of the world’s non-Communist nations
Goal was to stop the spread of communism

7. Domestic Change
Last half of the 20th century was a time of rapid social change
People began moving to suburbs
Immigrants continued to arrive (but now came from Latin America and Aisa)
Social unrest
1960’s & 1970’s
Civil rights movement
Feminist movement
War protests
U.S. Economy boomed
Computers and the internet!!!
We become a developed nation and become service oriented rather than production oriented
The Recession of 2008
Housing market collapsed triggering a recession that affected the entire world
More than 8 million Americans lost their jobs in fewer than 3 years
National unemployment rate more than doubled in 10 years

8. Governing the People We have a representative democracy
People rule through elected representatives
We are also a federal republic
Powers are divided among the federal and states governments

9. Three Branches of Government
We have a system of checks and balances that prevents any one part of the government from becoming too powerful.
Three Branches of Government

10. Economy Largely free enterprise
Three factors have contributed to the success of the U.S. economy
Available natural resources
A skilled labor force
A stable political system
An agricultural and industrial giant
Commercial agriculture industry helps to feed the world
The industrial output of the U.S. is larger than that of any country in the world
A post industrial economy
The economy today is driven by the service industry
Manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role

11. A Diverse Society
About 65% of Americans can trace their lineage to Europe
Hispanic Americans make up about 15% of the population
African Americans are about 13% of the population
Asian Americans are 5%
Native Americans are 1%
The largest ethnic groups in the U.S. :
English
German
Irish
African
French
Italian
Scottish
Polish
Mexican

12. Languages & Religion English is the dominant language
Spanish is the second most common language
Religious freedom is a cornerstone of American society
More than 1,000 different religious groups practice their faith in the U.S. today
The majority (about 75%) are Christian
50% Protestant
24% Roman Catholic
2% Jewish and Muslim
15% do not identify with any religion

13. Sub-regions of the U.S.

14. Sub-Regions of Texas

15. Canada
French and British settlement greatly influenced Canada’s political development
Canada’s size and climate affected economic growth and population distribution

16. First Settlers and Colonial Rivalry
The native peoples are called Inuit
Live near the Canadian Arctic and Alaska
Colonization by France and Britain
To both countries, the coastal fisheries and the inland fur trade were important
After the French surrendered their territory at the end of the French and Indian war, many French settlers remained in Canada

17. The Dominion of Canada
1791 – the British government split Canada into two provinces
Upper Canada (today Ontario)
An English-speaking majority
Mostly Protestant
Lower Canada (today Quebec)
A French-speaking majority
Mostly Roman Catholic
1867 – created the Dominion of Canada
A loose confederation of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick
1949 – Newfoundland was the last province added (this is the Canada we know today)

18. Governing Canada Became an independent nation in 1931
A peaceful independence that was encouraged by Great Britain
A parliamentary government much like that of Great Britain
It’s symbolic head of state remains the King/Queen of England

19. Canada’s Economy Primary Industries Manufacturing Sector
Farming, logging, mining, and fishing
A leader in the production of newsprint
Manufacturing Sector
13% of Canadians work in manufacturing
Service Industries drive the economy
More than 70% of the GDP comes from the service industries
Tourism is one of the fastest growing of their service industries
The U.S. is Canada’s chief trading partner

20. Many Cultures French English Metis Languages
People of mixed French and native heritage
Languages
Officially a bilingual country
English and French
Mostly Christian
Protestant and Roman Catholic

21. Canada’s Population
Settlement patterns have been influenced by the country’s harsh environment and the accessibility of transportation routes
Increasingly urban

22. Sub-Regions of Canada

23. Today’s Issues in the U.S. and Canada
Terrorism threatens the safety and security of society

24. The 9/11 Attacks
Terrorism is a critical threat to national and global security
Both domestic and international terrorist acts have increased in violence
Terrorist weapons and operations
Bombs & planes
Biological weapons
Anthrax
Recent Threats
ISIS
“home-grown” terrorists that are linked ideologically with foreign terrorist groups

25. Storytelling with artifacts
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26. Urban Sprawl
Many metropolitan areas of the U.S. and Canada have sprawled, or spread out, father and farther
Cities are focusing on smart-growth solutions to urban sprawl
Homework: Read the two news articles about Urban Sprawl and complete a SPRITE chart over each one.