1. Physical States of Matter
Bose-Einstein
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
(Newest State)

2. KINETIC THEORY 3 Principles of Kinetic Theory
All matter is made of tiny particles (atoms)
These particles are in constant motion
When particles collide with each other or the container, the collisions are perfectly elastic (no energy is lost)

3. Energy and the States of Matter
The physical states of matter result from the amount of energy the particles composing the matter have. Basically, more energy means more movement for the particles and less energy means less movement.
Energy/Temperature and Matter Simulations
PhET
BEC: Temperature and Absolute Zero
If you were to compare an ice cube and the steam created
from boiling water, which would you think has more energy?

4. Bose-Einstein Condensate
Exist at extremely cold temperatures (around absolute zero or -460 oF)
Particles are super unexcited
Particles lock or “clump” together so firmly that they move as a single unit
Definite shape and volume (?)

5. Solid Particles are tightly compact
Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely
Definite shape and volume
Solid Animation

6. Liquid
Particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other
No definite shape, but definite volume
Liquid Animation

7. Gas Particles can easily spread out or move close together
Particle move freely and with a lot of energy
No definite shape or volume
Gas Simulation

8. Plasma
Why do you think this is the most common form/state of matter in the universe?
Exist at extremely high temperatures (several million degrees Celsius)
Particles are broken apart
Particles move freely and with extremely high energy
This form is not too common on Earth, however it is the most common form of matter in the universe
No definite shape or volume (?)
Examples: Florescent and neon lights, lightning, aurora borealis - + + + - -

9. States of Matter Continuum
What about this continuum could
be considered a little misleading?
Taken from:

10. TERMINOLOGY for PHASE CHANGES
Melting-commonly used to indicate changing from solid to liquid
Normal melting point-The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solid and the vapor pressure of the liquid are equal
Freezing-Changing from a liquid to a solid
Melting and freezing occur at the same temperature
Liquifaction-Turning a gas to a liquid
Only happens in low temperature and high pressure situations

11. TERMINOLOGY for PHASE CHANGES
Difference in Gas and Vapor
Gas-state of matter that exists at normal room temperature
Vaport-produced by particles escaping from a state of matter that is normally liquid or solid at room temperature
Boiling-used to indicate changing from a liquid to a gas/vapor
Normal boiling point - temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to standard atmospheric pressure, which is kPa
Boiling point is a function of pressure.
At lower pressures, the boiling point is lower

12. TERMINOLOGY for PHASE CHANGES
2 types of boiling: boiling and evaporation
Evaporation takes place only at the surface of a liquid or solid while boiling takes place throughout the body of a liquid
Particles have high kinetic energy
Particles escape and become vapor
Condensation-used to indicate changing from a vapor to a liquid

13. TERMINOLOGY for PHASE CHANGES
Sublimation - when a substance changes directly from a solid to a vapor
The best known example is "dry ice", solid CO2
Deposition-when a substance changes directly from a vapor to a solid (opposite of sublimation)
Example-formation of frost
Dynamic equilibrium - when a vapor is in equilibrium with its liquid as one molecule leaves the liquid to become a vapor, another molecule leaves the vapor to become a liquid. An equal number of molecules will be found moving in both directions
Equilibrium - When there is no net change in a system

14. PHASE DIAGRAMS
A diagram showing the conditions at which substance exists as a solid, liquid, or vapor
Shows the temperature and pressure required for the 3 states of matter to exist
Conditions of pressure and temperature at which two phases exist in equilibrium are indicated on a phase diagram by a line separating the phases
Draw the phase diagram for water

15. Changes in States (Physical Changes)
Why do you think Bose-Einstein and plasma are not equally distanced from the other three states of matter?
Ionization
Plasma
Disposition
Recombination
Vaporization
(Evaporation/Boiling)
Gas
Condensation
Melting
Liquid
Solid
Freezing
Sublimation
All changes in state require a change in energy
Bose-Einstein