1. SMOKING

2. Agree or Disagree?
Local governments have the right to ban smoking in public places.
Tobacco companies target young people with their advertising.
It should be illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to purchase, use, or possess tobacco products.
Quitting tobacco use is the same process for everyone.
Tobacco companies are ultimately responsible for an individual's smoking.

3. What factors influence your opinion about smoking?
Family?
Friends?
Celebrities?
Television?
Music?
Advertisements?

4. Effects of Smoking Smoking:
Harms nearly every organ of the body
Causes many diseases and reduces the health of smokers in general
causes diminished overall heath, such as self-reported poor health, increased absenteeism from work, and increased health care utilization and cost.
More than 16 million Americans suffer from a disease caused by smoking

5. Increased Risks Smoking is estimated to increase the risk—
For coronary heart disease by 2 to 4 times
For stroke by 2 to 4 times
Of men developing lung cancer by 25 times
Of women developing lung cancer by 25.7 times

6. Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease
Smokers are at greater risk for diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease).
Smoking causes stroke and coronary heart disease—the leading causes of death in the United States.
Even people who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day can have early signs of cardiovascular disease.
Smoking damages blood vessels and can make them thicken and grow narrower.
This makes your heart beat faster and your blood pressure go up. Clots can also form.
Blockages caused by smoking can also reduce blood flow to your legs and skin

7. Smoking and Respiratory Disease
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging your airways and the small air sacs (alveoli) found in your lungs.
Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD, which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis
Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.
If you have asthma, tobacco smoke can trigger an attack or make an attack worse.
Smokers are 12 to 13 times more likely to die from COPD than nonsmokers

8. Smoker’s Lung
Do the breathing through a straw activity

9. Smoking and Cancer
Smoking can cause cancer almost anywhere in your body:
Bladder
Blood (acute myeloid leukemia)
Cervix
Colon and rectum (colorectal)
Esophagus
Kidney and ureter
Larynx
Liver
Oropharynx (includes parts of the throat, tongue, soft palate, and the tonsils)
Pancreas
Stomach
Trachea, bronchus, and lung
If nobody smoked, one of every three cancer deaths in the United States would not happen.

10. Smoking and Other Health Risks
Smoking can make it harder for a woman to become pregnant and can affect her baby's health before and after birth. Smoking increases risks for:
Preterm (early) delivery
Stillbirth (death of the baby before birth)
Low birth weight
Sudden infant death syndrome (known as SIDS or crib death)
Ectopic pregnancy
Orofacial clefts in infants
Smoking can also affect men's sperm, which can reduce fertility and also increase risks for birth defects and miscarriage
Smoking can affect bone health.
Smoking affects the health of your teeth and gums and can cause tooth loss.
Smoking can increase your risk for cataracts (clouding of the eye’s lens that makes it hard for you to see
The risk of developing diabetes is 30–40% higher for active smokers than nonsmokers

12. Death Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death.
Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 5 million deaths per year, and current trends show that tobacco use will cause more than 8 million deaths annually by 2030.
Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in the United States, including an estimated 41,000 deaths resulting from secondhand smoke exposure. 
If smoking persists at the current rate among youth in this country, 5.6 million of today’s Americans younger than 18 years of age are projected to die prematurely from a smoking-related illness.
Adult male smokers lost an average of 13.2 years of life and female smokers lost 14.5 years of life because of smoking

13. Death cont.
Smoking causes more deaths each year than all of these combined:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Illegal drug use
Alcohol use
Motor vehicle injuries
Firearm-related incidents
More than 10 times as many U.S. citizens have died prematurely from cigarette smoking than have died in all the wars fought by the United States during its history.
Smoking causes about 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and women.
More women die from lung cancer each year than from breast cancer.
About 80% of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are caused by smoking.
The risk of dying from cigarette smoking has increased over the last 50 years in men and women in the United States.

15. Nicotine Nicotine is a drug found naturally in tobacco
as addictive as heroin or cocaine
a person becomes physically dependent on and emotionally addicted to nicotine.
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when you try to quit.
The emotional and mental dependence (addiction) make it hard to stay away from nicotine after you quit.
Nicotine causes pleasant feelings and distracts the smoker from unpleasant feelings. This makes the smoker want to smoke again
Smokers tend to smoke more cigarettes as the nervous system adapts to nicotine

16. Quitting
Smokers usually need many tries – sometimes as many as 10 or more – before they’re able to quit for good.
Most quitters go back to smoking within the first 3 months of quitting
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
gives you nicotine but not the other harmful chemicals in tobacco.
gums, patches, sprays, inhalers, or lozenges
NRT can help relieve some of the physical withdrawal symptoms so that you can focus on the psychological aspects of quitting.
Many studies have shown using NRT can nearly double the chances of quitting with success
can help with the difficult withdrawal symptoms and cravings that 70% to 90% of smokers say is their only reason for not giving up cigarettes

18. Benefits of Quitting 20 minutes after quitting 12 hours after quitting
Your heart rate and blood pressure drop.
12 hours after quitting
The carbon monoxide level in your blood drops to normal.
2 weeks to 3 months after quitting
Your circulation improves and your lung function increases.
1 to 9 months after quitting
Coughing and shortness of breath decrease; start to regain normal function in the lungs, increasing the ability to handle mucus, clean the lungs, and reduce the risk of infection.
1 year after quitting
The excess risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a continuing smoker’s.
5 years after quitting
Risk of cancer of the mouth, throat, esophagus, and bladder are cut in half. Cervical cancer risk falls to that of a non-smoker. Stroke risk can fall to that of a non-smoker after 2-5 years.
10 years after quitting
The risk of dying from lung cancer is about half that of a person who is still smoking. The risk of cancer of the larynx (voice box) and pancreas decreases.
15 years after quitting
The risk of coronary heart disease is that of a non-smoker’s.

19. Advertisements
In 2011 (latest data available), cigarette companies spent $8.37 billion on advertising and promotional expenses in the United States alone, up from $8.05 billion in 2010
The money cigarette companies spent in 2011 on U.S. marketing amounted to approximately $23 million per day
The three most heavily advertised brands—Marlboro, Newport, and Camel—were the preferred brands of cigarettes smoked by adolescents (ages 12–17 years) and young adults (ages 18–25 years) during 2008–2010.

20. Minority Populations Women
Women have been targeted by the tobacco industry, and tobacco companies have produced brands specifically for women.
Marketing toward women is dominated by themes of social desirability and independence, which are conveyed by advertisements featuring slim, attractive, and athletic models.
Racial/Ethnic Communities
Advertisement and promotion of certain tobacco products appear to be targeted to members of racial/minority communities
Marketing to Hispanics and American Indians/Alaska Natives has included advertising and promotion of cigarette brands with names such as Rio, Dorado, and American Spirit.
The tobacco industry has targeted African American communities in its advertisements and promotional efforts for menthol cigarettes
e.g. campaigns that use urban culture and language to promote menthol cigarettes, tobacco-sponsored hip-hop bar nights with samples of specialty menthol cigarettes

21. Discussion
Are teenagers particularly at risk to advertising strategies? Why or why not?
Why do tobacco companies target young people with their advertisements?
How do you think the warning on cigarette packs affects the consumer?
Discuss why quitting smoking is so difficult.
Cigarette smoking is decreasing among all population groups except teenagers. Hypothesize why there may be an increase in teenage cigarette smoking.
How might you as a nonsmoking teenager encourage your peers to be nonsmokers?

22. Youth and advertisements
There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a causal relationship between tobacco company advertising and promotion and the initiation and progression of tobacco use among youth people. There is scientific evidence that shows:
Adolescents are exposed to cigarette advertising.
They find the ads appealing.
The ads make smoking appear to be appealing.
The ads increase adolescents' desire to smoke.

23.  Identify and list the different strategies companies use in their advertising.
Some strategies might be these: bandwagon, fact versus opinion, fantasy, humor, sensory appeal, statistics, or testimonial
Is the ad targeted at a specific group (e.g., women, teens, a specific cultural group)?
Does the ad give a good reason for using the product? What is the reason?
Does the ad make unbelievable claims?
Does the ad give useful information about the long- or short-term effect of tobacco use?