1. Explain the process of transcription and translation
Homework: Answer reading analysis questions
EVOLUTION UNIT EXAM TOMORROW

2. Transcription and Translation
DNA is used to create mRNA (A-U, G-C base pairing)
Happens in the nucleus (why?) in eukaryotes
Happens in the cytoplasm in prokaryotes (why?)
Translation
mRNA is used to make an amino acid chain (creates a protein)
mRNA is read three letters at a time
tRNA carries the correct amino acid to the ribosome
Occurs on a ribosome (made of rRNA)

3. Miller and Urey Reading and Questions
Read and annotate the text about a specific ‘early earth’ experiment
Answer the questions that follow
*this material will be on the exam*

4. Dichotomous Keys What does the prefix di mean?
A dichotomous key gives the reader TWO choices to select from in a cascade of questions
The goal is to take an unknown species, and identify it using the dichotomous keys

6. Dichotomous Keys Complete the worksheet
Part 1: Analyze dichotomous keys and identify unknown organisms
Part 2: Create your own dichotomous keys

7. Evolution Review- Big Topics
Natural Selection
Early Earth/Origin of Life
Speciation/Isolation
Antibiotic Resistance
Phylogenetics/dichotomous keys

8. Natural Selection
Organisms that posses advantageous traits will be able to survive better and reproduce more
Overtime, those traits would become more common in a population
Organisms that posses harmful traits will be less likely to survive and pass their traits on, meaning those traits will become less common in a population over time

9. Early Earth/Origin of Life
4.6 billion years ago earth formed
No oxygen was present (anaerobic)
Small, unicellular organisms (like bacteria) were the first living thing (3.8 billion years ago)
Plants evolved before animals
Miller and Urey’s experiment took H2O, N2, NH4, and CH4 and put into a glass tube
They showed that the gases that were present in early earth could make organic compounds- things like amino acids and nucleotides– which we know are important for life

10. Geographical Isolation/Speciation
1. A species gets isolated from each other geographically into location A and location B
2. Location A is drastically different from location B, so different traits are favored by natural selection in each location
3. Random mutations in the species occur in both locations, but are selected for differently
4. Overtime, the species become more and more different due to different traits being advantageous in their different locations
5. After many many years, the species become so different they are no longer able to interbreed

11. Antibiotic Resistance
As bacteria are exposed to antibiotics or antibacterial products it kills off the non-resistant bacteria
Therefore, bacteria with a random mutation that allows it to be resistant to antibiotics is advantageous
Each time you use those products, the bacteria that remain are the resistant ones
This is causing major public health problems
Caused by: agriculture use, misuse, overuse, antibacterial products

12. Evolution Exam Review
Option 1: concept map with vocabulary from study guide
Option 2: Concept cards
Include vocab word and drawing on one side
Definition, example, and significance on the other side
Option 3: Answer analysis questions on study guide on a separate sheet of paper. Be DETAILED in your answers