1. Foundations of Visualization 10/25/2005 Notes
ENDS 375
Foundations of Visualization
10/25/2005 Notes
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

2. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Kinematics
Key Pose
Joint Angles Interpolation
linear, ease-in/out, splines
Forward Kinematics
angles for all joints at each key frame
Inverse Kinematics
manipulate “end effectors”
solve for the others (may use constraints)
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

3. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Dynamics
Simulate Physical Behavior
Include “Mass”
Include “Forces”
gravity, friction, ...
Animate by Controlling “Forces”
Constraints (variable forces)
Collisions
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

4. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Particle Systems
Particle system is a collection of particles that ‘evolve’ over time
Particle - small 3D point mass
velocity, color, shape, size, age, …
They live - are born, exist, then die
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

5. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Particle Systems
Particle Emitters
the particle sources
can be points, curves, sufaces
stochastic or random properties
age, color, velocity, size, ...
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

6. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Particle Systems
Controls
force fields - gravity, wind, turbulence, vortices, attractors, repulsors, …
collisions
Rendering - visual substitutions
points, lights, spheres, blobbies, sprites, …
Basis for hair, grass, etc - trajectories
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

7. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Procedural Animation
Flocking Systems
Individual behaviors
rules, environment sensing,…
Goal Directed
Motion planning
Motion implementation
Behavioral Animation
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

8. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Motion Capture
Real time sampling of ‘actors’
Position and orientation sensors
Acoustic
Magnetic
Mechanical
Optical
Data Channels
Filtering
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

9. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Crowd Systems
Large numbers of ‘extras’
Procedural
Action cycles
‘massive’ - LOR
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

10. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Facial Animation
Facial Expression
Lip Sync
Shape interpolation
Blend shapes
Muscle based
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

11. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

12. Lessons from Cinematography
The language of film
a ‘system’ or grammar of visual communication
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

13. Elements of Film Grammar
Shots
scenes made up of sequences of shots
Scenes
film is a sequence of scenes
Movement
camera and ‘actors’
Distances
long, full, medium, close, close-up, ...
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

14. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Camera Motions
static - people move in front of the camera
camera moves toward, across or away from ‘static’ actors
both camera and actors move
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

15. Camera as the eyes of the audience
zoom, pan, tilt
dolly, track, crane
first person - subjective
third person - observer
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

16. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Editing
Interleaving shots
Sequencing the shots and scenes
master, long, close-up, …
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

17. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Parallel Editing
Alternation of two or more centers of interest
Show action and then reaction
Only include the ‘peak’ moments
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

18. Line of Action or Interest
Established by main action or
established by relationship of actors
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

19. The“Triangle” Principle
choosing camera placements
use a ‘triangular’ structure
only on one side of the line of action
many variations
external reverse angles
internal reverse angles
parallel, right angle, subjective, ...
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

20. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Visual Punctuation
Punctuation joins the elements
Straight Cuts
‘Opticals’
fades, dissolves, wipes, ...
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

21. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Shot Matching
When editing shots together
need to match screen position,
direction of movement,
and where actors are‘looking’
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

22. Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University
Where to ‘cut’
cuts based on actions or movements
cut on movement
entering, existing, or within screen
cut just after movement
usually forward, on same visual axis
cut-away shot, then back
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University

23. Compressing/Expanding Time
Cutting out real elapsed time
keep only essential action, dialogue, ...
Extending time through overlapping shots
showing parts of same action again
with different points of view, distances, ...
9/17/2018
Visualization Laboratory, Texas A&M University