1. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Great Britain
Transition between the Georgian era and the 19th century developments – Regency
Origin in the neoclassicism of the late 18th century
Draws its form from the Greek and Rome with a mixture of elements drawn from more exotic resources – Egyptian, Chinese and Moorish
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

2. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
REGENCY – John Nash
Royal Pavilion in Brighton
Mixture of oriental styles with Moorish aspect of onion shaped domes
Elaborate chandeliers
Chinese wall paper and bamboo furniture
Elaborate drapery in red and gold
Gilded and carved furniture
Carpets in exotic pinks and greens
Strong chromatic wall colours
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

3. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
REGENCY Furniture
Borrowing from ancient Greek and Roman styles and from Egyptian, Indian and Gothic models
Mahogany and rose wood
Wooden frame painted black
And gilded details
Round and octagonal dining tables with pedestal bases
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

4. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Romantic desire – poetry, music, art
From classicism to emotional expressive direction
Perfectionism
GREEK REVIVAL - Germany
Das Altes Museum
Portico of 18 Ionic columns
Supporting an entabulature band
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

5. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GREEK REVIVAL - England
Euston Station, London
Dignified hall lit by high windows
Use of the Ionic order where stairs rise to the doors and the balcony
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

6. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GREEK REVIVAL – United States
Customs House, New York
Great temple like exterior
Inserted around domed hall with an oculus skylight
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

7. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GREEK REVIVAL – United States
Row House, New York
The typical city house in Greek revival style is now called the Merchant’s House Museum
The dining room and front parlour are separated by an opening with sliding doors
Greek ionic columns flank the opening.
Patterned carpet is typical of the period
Elaborate window drapery is usual in the home of wealthy people
Hanging gas light fixtures belong to later period
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

8. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GOTHIC REVIVAL – United States
Trinity Church, New York
1846
Vaulting
But made of plaster and not stone
Colourful stained glass
The interior of this mansion – Gothic Revival Style
Pointed arches, paneling, tracery, and crockets executed in wood relate to the leaded glass of the windows
Statues stand in niches to the right and left of the window bay
Furniture – too related wood style
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

9. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GOTHIC REVIVAL – England
This extra ordinary house is an 1823 graving
Stained glass, tracery, fan vaulting simulated in plaster
Grand spaces with subtle coloring
Red carpet, curtains and chair cushions set off the more delicate pink and grey of the painted surfaces
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

10. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GOTHIC REVIVAL – England
John Ruskin – Seven lamps of architecture
Good design is not merely an aesthetic matter but a matter of moral virtues as well
Christina style – only proper and acceptable direction to art and design
House of lords, New Palace of Westminster –
Gothic ornamental treatment
Traceried stained glass
Gothic arches
Paneled ceiling
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

11. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
GOTHIC REVIVAL – England
Gothic Revival
All Saints, Margaret Street
Energy and originality beyond historical limitation
The great arches and buttressed half arches have harsh forcefulness
Accented by the floor and wall tiles – strong contrasting colours
Strong expression
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

12. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Industrial revolution – Britain, European nations and the United States
Industrialization
18th century
steam engine
Invention of iron and steel from mines
Industrial Revolution – impact was more technical rather than aesthetic
First step towards plumbing, lighting and heating appeared
Kitchen ranges
Central piped water systems
Bath tubs, showers, drain taps, flush toilets
Central heating replaced stoves
Industrial revolution – Britain, European nations and the United States
Illuminating gas
Bathroom - a new kind of space, but given minor place in house
Kitchen – utilitarian
Role of the fireplace diminished
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

13. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Industrial revolution – Iron and Glass
Alternative to wood and masonry
Need for bridges
Engines, railroads, ships and bridges
King’s Cross Station, London
1850-2
The semicircular arches supporting glass skylights were originally in wood but later replaced by iron
Functional emphasis
History of Interior Design Sofia Sebastian

14. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Contribution of Great Exhibitions
To house numerous exhibitors (whose exhibits ranged from simple tools to railway engines and power looms) huge pavilions had to be erected.
to be erected quickly and to be dismantled easily
as cheap as possible
So steel and glass used in the form of prefabricated components
contributed a new building type
Two Great Exhibitions
London – 1851 – Crystal Palace
Paris – 1889 – Machine Hall and Eiffel Tower
Great World Fairs conducted to celebrate industry, commerce and arts
organized by the business world under the royal patronage
dedication to the developments of industrial capitalism 14

15. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
The Crystal Palace
erected for the 1st World Fair in 1851
Designed by Joseph Paxton (originally a gardener)
famous for his self-taught – green houses
prefabricated elements and erected on site
landmark of architectural design, anticipating later industrial construction
huge transparent box like structure which was glittering from exterior like a crystal.
measures nearly 1851’ long and 360’ wide covering a minimum of 98,000 sq.m.
Central transept is high enough to accommodate the Hyde Park elms
First it was erected in Hyde Park. It was dismantled and rebuilt in Sydenham Hill after some time. It was destroyed by fire in 1936 15

16. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
The Crystal Palace
so made of cast iron.
CRYSTAL PALACE, LONDON 16

17. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
The Crystal Palace
Highly decorative chair and dressing table contrast with the innovative modern design of building 17

18. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
Bibliotheque Nationale, 1868 Henri Labrouste
Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris iron construction with slim pillars in pairs, generous skylights flood the room with light 18

19. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
The Bibliotheque Genevieve, Henri Labrouste
The reading room of the Bibliotheque Genevieve is a great double barrel vaulted hall 19

20. The Regency, Revivals and Industrial revolution
The Bibliotheque Genevieve, Henri Labrouste
The reading room of the Bibliotheque Genevieve is a great double barrel vaulted hall 20