1. SSWH15 Impact of Industrialization and Urbanization
SSWH15 Describe the impact of industrialization and urbanization.
Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in Great Britain, Germany, and Japan.
Examine the political and economic ideas the of Adam Smith and Karl Marx.
Examine the social impact of urbanization; include women and children.

2. Before the Industrial Revolution
Goods were produced in individual homes.
This was called the Cottage System.

3. Industrial Revolution
1700’s -1800’s when machines become the primary method of producing goods

4. Industrialization Needs:
1. Natural Resources
Coal, water, iron ore, rivers, harbors
2. Capital (money)
3. Stable government & economy
4. Labor (people to work)
An increase in population in the 1700s gives Great Britain plenty of extra people to work
5. Demand for Goods
New inventions increased the amount of food that was produced
food surplus= in population= demand for products

6. The Industrial Revolution
Began in Great Britain
Several factors contributed to make GB the starting place
Islands with plenty of rivers & harbors
Coal in large amounts
Ready supply of money to invest (British merchants had made a lot of money off of triangular trade so they had extra money to invest!)

7. Textile Industry
Involves everything needed to make things out of cloth
First area of production to industrialize

8. Inventions drive Industry!
Pre-Industry
Production
Post-Industry
Hand processing
Cotton/wool
Cotton Gin
(Eli Whitney)
Spinning Wheel
Thread
Waterframe
(Richard Arkwright)
Hand loom
Cloth
Powerloom

9. Changes in Cotton Production
In 18th century, cotton was made by individuals in their homes
A series of technological advances including the spinning jenny, water powered loom, and steam engine made this inefficient.
In 1760, Britain imported 2.5 million pounds of raw cotton to produce cloth
By 1840, Britain imported 366 million pounds each year

11. Steam Power
James Watt
Invented the first steam-powered engine
Used to power factories and create industries (Railroad)

12. Coal & Iron Industries
Steam engine crucial to Britain’s industrial revolution
Engine depended on coal which led to an expansion in coal production
Natural resources included large supplies of iron ore
Burned away impurities on crude iron to improve the quality

14. Spread of Industrialization
Countries began borrowing British technology
Germany and the United States both became industrial leaders
Both had more resources than GB making it easier to industrialize
US becomes leading industrial nation by 1900
Although they had limited natural resources, Japan makes modernization a priority & industrializes rapidly

15. Railroads Particularly important to the success of the Revolution
1804 – first steam powered locomotive
By 1850 able to reach 50 mph and more than 6000 miles of railroad tracks crisscrossed Great Britain
Building railroads meant new jobs for farm laborers and peasants
Less expensive transportation meant larger markets, more sales, more factories, and more machinery.

17. Social Impact in Europe
Industrial Revolution changed the social life of Europe and the world
Change was evident in the growth of cities and the emergence of two new social classes-
The Industrial Middle Class
The Industrial Working Class

18. Impact of Industrialization
Urbanization
Growth of cities as a result of people moving into urban areas from rural areas.
1750, approximately140 million people in Europe
By 1850, approximately 266 million people in Europe
Over 50% lived in towns & cities

19. City growth
Poor sanitation
Increased sickness
Poor housing

23. Social Class Changes Working class Factory workers Most in poverty
Women & children forced to work b/c husbands made low wages that could not support the family

24. Industrial Working Class
Wretched working conditions
Work hours hrs/ 6 days a week
No minimum wage
Worst conditions in the cotton mills- dirty, dangerous, and unhealthy
In coal mines dangerous conditions including cave ins, explosions, and gas fumes were a way of life

25. Working Conditions 14hr work day No safety regulations
Little or no breaks
Extensive child labor
No job security

26. Impact on Women & Children
By 1830 in Britain, women & children made up 2/3 of the cotton industry’s work force
Factory act of 1833, set 9 as the minimum age and limited hours a child could work
Women would make up 50% of the labor force by 1870
Paid half or less than half of men’s wages.
Eventually, laws that limited work hours of women & children would lead to a new pattern of work. Men outside the home and women at low paying jobs in the home.

27. Social Class Changes Middle class Factory owners & merchants
Women did not work but stayed home to raise the children
Source of pride for middle-class men: Cult of Domesticity

28. Responses to the industrial Revolution
Economic Systems

29. Capitalism
Economic system that developed during the Industrial Revolution
Focused on individuals opening businesses with the goal of making a profit
Resulted in big gaps between rich and poor

31. Capitalism Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations Laissez faire
Type of capitalism where the government does not interfere in the economy at all (individual rights)

32. Socialism
Economic system that attempts to get rid of social classes and to make people as equal as possible.
This is accomplished through the government controlling certain areas of the economy.
Taxes are usually high and the government uses this money to pay for social services (medical, social welfare programs, etc…)

33. Communism Karl Marx Communism Opponent of capitalism
The Communist Manifesto
Communism
Economic system where everyone has the same rights, therefore no one should have more than anyone else
Everything should be owned equally by everyone.
This would be accomplished by the working class revolting