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Computer Integrated A/E/C
Team Pacific Computer Integrated A/E/C Stanford University May 15, 1998
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Keith Soloman, Architect
Going Nationwide . . . Kristy Kinsel, Apprentice David Murray, Apprentice Sergio Moya, Construction Manager Keith Soloman, Architect Andrew Sparks, Structural Engineer
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Background… Year: 2010 Task: Design Classroom/Lab Facility for Pacific University School of Engineering, Oregon Facility Will Provide a Home for Innovative Courses which Take a Team Approach to Design Maintain Footprint of Existing Buildings Construction Schedule of One Year Budget: $4.5 million
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Pacific Ocean Road Sunny Pond
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Scheme 1 Architecture Engineering Construction
Utilize Square Foundation Bridging the Disciplines Engineering Simple Structural Design Bearing Walls Construction Preliminary Estimate: $4.38 million Bearing Walls allow for Fastest Construction, Lowest Expense
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A C E
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Scheme 2 Architecture: Connectivity through View Engineering:
Simple design Long Spans Construction: Preliminary Estimate: $4.58 million Schedule Constraints Easily Met
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A E C
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Scheme 3 Architecture: Innovative Design: Breaking Away From the Foundation Flipped L-Shape to For More Interesting Appearance Engineering: Large Cantilevers XXX System Construction: Preliminary Estimate: $4.58 million Limited Space for Large Square Footage of Material Difficult to Construct
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AEC
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Scheme 4 Architecture Breaking Away From Box Shape
Shape Fits Context of Site Engineering Large Cantilevers xxx System Construction Preliminary Estimate: $9.17 million Strange Shape Difficult to Construct
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A E C
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Why Schemes 3 & 4? Preferred Architecture
Scheme Three Feasible--Safety Net Scheme Four Best--Challenge
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Scheme 3 Issues Square footage Over-budget Material Costs Schedule
Cantilevers Vertical Circulation
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Scheme III
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Scheme 4 Issues Over-budget Schedule Limited story heights Walls
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Scheme 4 Evolutions Overbudget Square footage Material Costs
laminated wood concrete Roof options
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Scheme 4 Evolutions Schedule Enclosure Prefabricate Formwork
Precast exterior walls Innovative Construction System Relocation of Labs
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Weather
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Story Heights Post-Tensioning to control deflections thin flat slab
cost mechanical Consistent column spacing
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Scheme 4 Evolution Walls Essential to design No shear walls!
Innovative Construction Method Material options EIFS Steel panels concrete panels
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Pacific Project Final Decisions
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Design Intent School of Engineering Innovative Functionable Vistas
in·no·va·tion 1 : the introduction of something new 2 : a new idea, method, or device : NOVELTY Functionable Vistas
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Performance Based Trade-offs
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Rationale Scheme 4
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Rationale Scheme 4 Site Plan
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Rationale Scheme 4 Perspective
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Scheme 4 1st level Plan
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Scheme 4 2nd level Plan
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Scheme 4 3rd level Plan
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Structural Analysis Gravity Loads DL = 120psf LL = 80psf
for preliminary design estimated live load between school and auditorium occupancies Roof LL = 20psf
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Structural Design Post-Tensioning Thinner Slab Reduce Deflections
Reduce Cracking Reduce Jointing
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Sap2000
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Structural Design Slab 8” Concrete Flat Slab Span to depth ratio 44
Post-Tensioned 1/2” monostrands 4000psi concrete
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P-T Reinforcement Layout
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No Column, No Problem? PROBLEM... Solution
Auditorium moved to first floor and a Column needed to be removed Solution Use flat plate on roof to add rigidity to upper floors above the missing Column.
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Missing Column
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No Column, No Problem? Preliminary Analysis Extreme Moments! 1534 k-ft
O.S.
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Structural Solution Transfer Beam
Missing column significantly increased Stresses in Slab Addition of Transfer Beams Horizontally Vertically
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No Problem! Transfer Beams all 3 levels stiffness proportional
Stresses equally distributed
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Transfer Beam Layout
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Structural Analysis Lateral Loads UBC 97’ Static Force
Response Spectra 94’ UBC spectrum soil type : S2 Zone 3 5% damping
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Lateral Resistance Ductile Frame Placement No Beams
centers of rigidity and mass Avoid Torsion No Beams labor to form too expensive mechanical systems
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Load Path Diagram
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Preliminary Layout
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Static Load Method Moments too high! More ductile frames cheaper
More beams or MRF in the interior More ductile frames cheaper less form work
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Cad highlight MRF
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Ductile Frame Detail
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Ductile Frame Detail Size of the Members... Fitting in all the Steel!
Use Columns with large gross area p=1-3% Keep Beams wide to allow for adjustment of steel during detailing.
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SAP2000
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Sap2000
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Sap2000
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Moment diagram
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Maximum Inelastic Deflections
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Capacity Checks Moment Capacity Max. inelastic response disp.
Max Neg. = 38.2k-ft Capacity = 41.2 k-ft ok Max Pos. =1.7 k-ft Capacity = 30.3 k-ft Max. inelastic response disp. UBC 97’ max Displacement Flr 2 = 2.64” Flr 3 = 5.28” Roof = 7.92” OK
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A look into the Future Materials Field Construction Methods
Management Construction Methods Communications Equipment Market
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Weather
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Site Layout
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Expediting Enclosure Precast Exterior Walls Prefabricated Formwork
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Wall Systems light cement Energy Efficient Easy to score and snap
Water-damage resistant Economical Fire resistant
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Post-Tensioned Floor System
Pros Cheap Light Fast Cons Hard to Retrofit Dangerous
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Equipment
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Scheme 3: Cost Composition
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Scheme 4: Cost Composition
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Costs for Alternative Exterior Walls
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January 15, 2012
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Milestones: May 1, 2012
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Requirements of HVAC System
Codes: Title 24, UBC, UMC, SMACNA Design: Space (3’6”) 24 Hour Cooling to Computer Area Compatibility with other systems Energy efficient Atheistics
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HVAC Systems
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Rationale: Hydronic System
Two-pipe VAV reheat system Savings in overall equipment cost, installation, and annual operating costs Easily zoned for modulating temperatures Design requirement of limited ceiling height Straight forward to install
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Two-pipe VAV Reheat System
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Hydronic Radiant Floor
Hydronic Radiant Floor (HRF) PEX tubing within concrete slab or subfloor Operating costs 20%-40% lower than Forced Air Systems Need special training to install Extra structural costs Lower water temperature required
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Hydronic Radiant Floor
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Hydronic Radiant Ceiling
Reduced space Security/Acoustic panels available Centrally located mechanical system Architecturally invisible No special training to install Easily zoned especially in re-partitioned spaces
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Hydronic Radiant Ceiling
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Operational Requirements
GL-180M high-silicon cast iron Minimum 122oF supply temperature No minimum return water temperature No minimum flow requirements Available as factory assembled or knocked down Combustion efficiencies of 88% on oil and 85% on gas
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Hydronic System Buderus G-515: Commercial Cast Iron Boiler
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Lessons learned Architect
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Lessons learned Structural Engineer Construction Methods
continuity in members Dealing with costs in structural designs Careful not to give your architect free range Problems with Structural scheme can be solved with the AEC team in minutes Owners input used to choose paths Scheduling became VERY important issue!
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Lessons Learned Construction Manager
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