1. Cardiovascular system and Lymphatic System: Review

2. artery
capillary
vein
Blood pressure Hi
Low
lowest
Valves present or absent
Absent
Present
Wall thickness
3 layer
1 cell
function
Take blood away from heart
Exchange of O2/CO2, nutrients/waste
Take blood to heart

3. Exchange at capillaries

4. What keeps blood moving in:
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Skeletal muscle pump
Respiratory pump
valves

5. Passage of blood through the heart

6. Internal Anatomy

7. Cardiac cycle semilunar valves close (“dup”) pulmonary vein superior
vena cava
valves
pulmonary
vein
aorta
right
atrium
ventricle a. b.
atrio ventricular (AV)
(“lub”) c.
inferior
left

8. Intrinsic and Extrinsic control of heart beat
SA node
AV node
branches of
atrioventricular
bundle
Purkinje fibers

9. Cardiovascular Pathways

10. Pairing of vessels and locations:
Neck and head: carotid artery and jugular vein
Shoulder and arm: subclavian artery and vein
Heart: coronary arteries and cardiac veins/ aorta and pulmonary arteries / s. and i. vena cava and pulmonary veins
Digestive tract: mesenteric artery and vein
Kidney: renal artery and vein
Liver: hepatic artery and hepatic vein / hepatic portal vein
Hips: iliac artery and vein
Legs: femoral artery and vein

11. Functions of blood
Transport
Defence
Regulation
H2O

12. Plasma Composition of blood: % by Volume plasma 55% cells, platelets
45%
plasma
55%
% by Volume
Composition of blood:
Plasma
Water (91%)
Hormones
Gases
Ions
Vitamins
Nutrients
wastes
Plasma proteins **

13. Red Blood Cells Carry O2 heme group a. Red blood cells
b. Hemoglobin molecule
a. Red blood cells

14. Red Blood Cells Carry CO2 + HCO3– bicarbonate ion H+ hydrogen H2CO3
carbonic
acid
H2O
water
CO2
carbon
dixide

15. Type
Function
neutrophil
1st responders, phagocytotic rxn
Basophil
Allergic rxn response
Eosinophil
Parasitic worm infection
Monocyte
Phagocytotic
lymphocyte
B cell: antibodies against bacteria antigens
T cells: cytotoxic T cells against viruses and cancer

16. Platelets… 4,400 X prothrombin activator prothrombin thrombin Ca2+
fibrin threads
thrombin
prothrombin activator
prothrombin
fibrinogen
Ca2+
Platelets…
4,400 X

17. Type O blood. Red blood cells have neither type A nor
type B surface antigens. Plasma has both anti-A and
anti-B antibodies.
Type A B blood. Red blood cells have type A and type B
surface antigens. Plasma has neither anti-A nor anti-B
antibodies.
Type B blood. Red blood cells have type B surface
antigens. Plasma has anti-A antibodies.
Type A blood. Red blood cells have type A surface
antigens. Plasma has anti-B antibodies.
type A antigen
type B antigen
anti-A antibody
anti-B antibody
anti-A antibodies
anti-B antibodies

18. Compatibility Type Antigen Antibody A B AB A and B none O both +
b. Agglutination
a. No agglutination
type A blood
of donor
no binding
anti-A antibody of
type B recipient
binding
anti-B antibody of
type A recipient
Type
Antigen
Antibody A B AB
A and B
none O
both

19. Rh Blood groups b. Mother forms anti-Rh antibodies that cross the
placenta and attack fetal Rh-positive red blood cells.
a. Fetal Rh-positive red blood cells leak across
placenta into mother's blood stream.
blood of mother
anti-Rh
antibody
Rh-positive
red blood cell
of fetus
Rh-negative red
blood cell of mother

20. Lymphatic system Absorb excess tissue fluid Absorb fat in SI
Tonsil: patches of lymphatic tissue
Red bone marrow: site for the origin of all types of blood cells
Thymus: lymphatic tissue where Tlymphocytes mature and
learn to tell “self” from “nonself”
Spleen: cleanses the blood
tissue
fluid
lymphatic
capillary
tissue cell
blood
Absorb excess tissue fluid
Absorb fat in SI
Lymphocytes
Body defence

21. Non-specific lines of defence
1. Immune barriers to entry:
Skin
Oil glands – secrete chemical to kill bacteria on skin
Cilia – in upper respiratory tract
Mucous – in upper respiratory tract
Local area bacteria in intestine
Acidic ph - in stomach acid – kills bacteria

22. Non-specific lines of defence
Steps of inflammatory response:
Damaged tissue cells release histamines-histamines cause capillaries to dilate which
⬆ blood flow which brings extra WBC to area ∴ skin red and warm
⬆temp can inhibit growth of some pathogens
⬆permeability allows proteins + fluids escape from capillaries into tissues ∴ swelling and pain
Blood clotting begins
arriving neutrophils (Phagocytotic WBC) squeeze thru capillary wall and enter tissue fluid and attack pathogens (if lots of neutrophils die off –they form yellowy substance called puss)
usually neutrophils can control and keep infection from spreading - if neutrophils are overwhelmed they realease cytokines that ‘call’ reinforcements –
cytokines attract other WBC’s to area including monocytes which turn into macrophages (and are longer living then neutrophils) that engulf pathogens –macrophages can enlist the further help of lymphocytes.

23. Non-specific lines of defence
Natural killer cells – kill by cell to cell contact
complement proteins also called =Protective proteins
Complement kill foreign microbes by: causing them to burst and help other immune responses

24. B Cells, clonal expansion, and antibodies

25. T Cells, clonal expansion, and antigen presenting cells
bacterium
T cell
T-cell receptor (TCR)
Activation
Clonal expansion
Macrophage
Memory
Cytotoxic
Apoptosis
self
antigen
(MHCI)
cytokines
T Cells, clonal expansion, and antigen presenting cells

26. B cell
T cell
Where produced
Red bone marrow
Where mature
Thymus
Type of mediated response
Antibody
cell
Antigen recognition mechanism
B cell receptor recognizes nonself
Antigen presenting cells
response
Clonal expansion (when cytokines present) forms plasma cells to produce antibodies and memory B cells
Clonal expansion into Cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and memory T cells

27. Acquired Immunity
Non-specific defences