1. Bio 449 Lecture 18 - Cardiovascular Physiology I Oct. 11, 2010
Overview of cardiovascular system General features Heart Blood vessels General structure Plan and major vessels Electrical events of the heartbeat Mechanical events of the heartbeat Cardiac output Control of cardiac output
Terms to Know Pulmonary circulation Systemic circulation Artery Arteriole Capillary Venule Vein Pulsatile flow Endothelium One-way valve Myocardium Intercalated disk Atrioventricular valves [bicuspid, tricuspid] Semilunar valves Aortic valve Pulmonary valve
Terms to Know
Heart Atrium (pl. atria) Ventricle
Readings
Lectures 18-20: Chapter 14 & 15

2. Overview of the cardiovascular system
General features

3. Basic circulatory system
Figure 9–2 Flow through open and closed circulatory systems. (a,b) Open system of a grasshopper. A “heart” pumps blood through a vessel (aorta). Blood moves into tissue spaces and mingles with fluid bathing cells, then reenters the heart at opening (ostia) in the heart wall. (c,d) Closed system of an earthworm. Blood is confined within several pairs of muscular “hearts” near the head end and within blood vessels.
Fig. 9-2c, p.360

4. Hearts

5. Peristaltic heart
Figure 9–15 Types of pumps in animals. (c) Peristaltic tubular heart forces blood along a vessel (which may have valves to ensure one-way flow) by peristaltic contractions, e.g., insect heart.

6. One-way valves
Figure 9–19 Mechanism of valve action.

7. Chambered Heart
Figure 9–15 Types of pumps in animals. (d) A chambered heart propels blood by a coordinated contraction of the muscular wall; valves ensure a oneway flow of blood, e.g., most mollusk and vertebrate hearts.

8. Extrinsic Muscle Pump Extrinsic muscle Valve Blood
Figure 9–15 Types of pumps in animals. (a) External muscle pump expands and compresses a blood vessel (black arrows) and forces blood to flow along the vessel (colored arrows); valves maintain a unidirectional flow, e.g., nematode, scaphopod mollusk, and some leeches with no heart to propel blood flow, and the skeletal muscle pump of vertebrates.

9. Blood vessels

10. Blood vessel structure
Fig. 15-2

11. General structure

12. Schematic view of mammalian circulation
Figure 9–18 Blood flow through and pump action of the mammalian heart. (b) Dual pump action of the heart. The right side of the heart receives O2-poor blood from the systemic circulation and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. The left side of the heart receives O2-rich blood from the pulmonary circulation and pumps it into the systemic circulation. (The relative volume of blood flowing through each organ is not drawn to scale.)

13. Circulatory circuits and major vessels

14. Mammalian circulation
Figure 9–18 Blood flow through and pump action of the mammalian heart. (b) Dual pump action of the heart. The right side of the heart receives O2-poor blood from the systemic circulation and pumps it into the pulmonary circulation. The left side of the heart receives O2-rich blood from the pulmonary circulation and pumps it into the systemic circulation. (The relative volume of blood flowing through each organ is not drawn to scale.)
Fig. 14-1

15. Heart physiology

16. External anatomy of the heart
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Auricle of left atrium
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Coronary artery and vein
Fig. 14-7

17. Internal anatomy of the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Right pulmonary arteries
Right ventricle
Superior vena cava
Left pulmonary arteries
Aorta
Left pulmonary veins
Cusp of the AV (bicuspid) valve
Cusp of a right AV (tricuspid) valve
Chordae tendineae
Inferior vena cava
Papillary muscles
Left ventricle
Descending aorta
Fig. 14-7

18. Cardiac muscle structure
Intercalated disks
Myocardial muscle cell
Fig. 14-7

19. Intercalated discs

20. Electrical events of the heartbeat
Heart physiology
Electrical events of the heartbeat