1. The Circulatory System
The Heart & Blood Vessels

2. The Cardiovascular System
Three Major Elements – Blood, Blood Vessels, & Heart
1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue
highly interconnected cells
four chambers
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle

4. Pathway of the blood Superior/Inferior Vena Cava Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta
To the body’s organs & cells

5. Circuits Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit
The blood pathway between the right side of the heart, to the lungs, and back to the left side of the heart.
Systemic circuit
The pathway between the left and right sides of the heart.

6. The Cardiovascular System
2. Blood Vessels -A network of tubes
Arteriesarterioles move away from the heart
Elastic Fibers
Circular Smooth Muscle
Capillaries – where gas exchange takes place.
One cell thick
Serves the Respiratory System
VeinsVenules moves towards the heart
Skeletal Muscles contract to force blood back from legs
One way valves

7. Cardiovascular System
The Heart

8. Functions of the Heart Generating blood pressure Routing blood
Heart separates pulmonary and systemic circulations
Ensuring one-way blood flow
Heart valves ensure one-way flow
Regulating blood supply
Changes in contraction rate and force match blood delivery to changing metabolic needs

9. Size, Shape, Location of the Heart
Size of a closed fist
Shape
Apex: Blunt rounded point of cone
Base: Flat part at opposite of end of cone
Located in thoracic cavity in mediastinum

10. Heart Cross Section

11. Pericardium

12. Heart Wall Three layers of tissue
Epicardium: This serous membrane of smooth outer surface of heart
Myocardium: Middle layer composed of cardiac muscle cell and responsibility for heart contracting
Endocardium: Smooth inner surface of heart chambers

13. Heart Wall

14. External Anatomy Four chambers Major veins Major arteries 2 atria
2 ventricles
Major veins
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary veins
Major arteries
Aorta
Pulmonary trunk

15. External Anatomy

16. Coronary Circulation

17. Heart Valves Atrioventricular Semilunar
Tricuspid
Bicuspid or mitral
Semilunar
Aortic
Pulmonary
Prevent blood from flowing back

18. Heart Valves

19. Function of the Heart Valves

20. Blood Flow Through Heart

21. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

22. Conducting System of Heart

23. Electrocardiogram
Action potentials through myocardium during cardiac cycle produces electric currents than can be measured
Pattern
P wave
Atria depolarization
QRS complex
Ventricle depolarization
Atria repolarization
T wave:
Ventricle repolarization

24. Cardiac Cycle
Heart is two pumps that work together, right and left half
Repetitive contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of heart chambers
Blood moves through circulatory system from areas of higher to lower pressure.
Contraction of heart produces the pressure

25. Cardiac Cycle

26. Heart Sounds First heart sound or “lubb” Second heart sound or “dupp”
Atrioventricular valves and surrounding fluid vibrations as valves close at beginning of ventricular systole
Second heart sound or “dupp”
Results from closure of aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves at beginning of ventricular diastole, lasts longer

27. Location of Heart Valves

28. Effects of Aging on the Heart
Gradual changes in heart function, minor under resting condition, more significant during exercise
Hypertrophy of left ventricle
Maximum heart rate decreases
Increased tendency for valves to function abnormally and arrhythmias to occur
Increased oxygen consumption required to pump same amount of blood

29. Cardiac Problems Tachycardia: Heart rate in excess of 100bpm
Bradycardia: Heart rate less than 60 bpm
Arrhythmia: Irregular Heartbeat
Murmurs: defects in the valves of the heart
Angina: Severe chest pain due to decreased oxygen supply
Myocardial Infarction: lack of blood supply to the myocardium; causes damage to the heart muscle; blood vessels around the heart become blocked with plaque