1. Sacramento Clean Cities Coalition: Light Duty EVs and EV Charging
Dwight MacCurdy
SMUD R&D
March 9, 2018

2. What is Your Car-Buying Strategy?
New or Used?
Buy or Lease?
Keep 3-5 years or keep years?
Lowest up-front cost?
Vehicle with best gas mileage?
Cheapest operating cost possible?
Lowest life-cycle cost?

3. What Type of Vehicle Do You Need?
What is the primary or secondary use of the vehicle?
Do you need a vehicle that can travel many miles per day or month, or few miles per day or month?
Is this vehicle likely to be used the same way every day?
Do you need a vehicle for multiple purposes?
It must fit your need !

4. EV Availability in California 1/
There are 39 EV models available in California today.
13 Battery Electric Vehicle (BEVs)
26 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs)
In 2018 we expect to see 7 more BEV models and 7 PHEV models
Car company announcements indicate up to 90 EV models available by 2022
1/ Data provided by Electric Power Research Institute

5. 2018 BEV Models (Range in Miles) 1/
Nissan Leaf (151 miles)
Chevy Bolt (238)
Ford Focus (115)
Hyundai Ioniq (124)
Honda Clarity (89)
Kia Soul (111)
Volkswagen e-Golf (125)
BMW i3 (114)
Tesla Model 3, Model S, Model X ( )
Smart fortwo (58)
Fiat 500e (84)

6. Sampling of the 29 PHEV Models in 2018 1/
Chevrolet Volt (53 miles AER, 420 with gas)
Toyota Prius Prime (25, 640)
Mitsubishi Outlander (22, 310)
Chrysler Pacifica (33, 570)
Ford Fusion Energi (21, 610)
Honda Clarity (48, 340)
Hyundai Ioniq (29 AER, 630)
Hyundai Sonata (27, 590)
Kia Optima (29, 610)
Cadillac CT6 (31, 430)
BMW I3 REx (97, 180)

7. How About An Off-Lease BEV or PHEV? 2014 – 2017 Models
Nissan Leaf BEV, CarMax 32, ($8,000 - $12,000)
Chevy Volt PHEV, CarMax 150, ($16,000-$20,000)
Ford Focus BEV, CarMax 11, ($ $12,000),
CMax Energi PHEV, CarMax 61, ($13,000-$16,000)
Fusion Energi PHEV, CarMax 96, ($15,000-$20,000)
Total of 350 Plug-in vehicles for just these models

8. EV Charging Nomenclature
Level 1 – 120V wall outlet
Level 1 typical output – from 1 kW to 1.4 kW
Level 2 – 208V / 240V
Level 2 output range - from 1.6 kW to 19.2 kW
DC Fast Charging (DC FC)
DC FC output range from 25 kW to 150 kW
DC FC range will be up to 400 kW in near future

9. EV Charging Requirements
PHEV batteries typically carry from 5 kWh’s to 16 kWh’s,
PHEVs can be charged overnight with 120V or in as little as 2 hours with 208V/240V
BEV batteries typically carry from 24 kWh’s to 100 kWh’s,
In many instances may want 208V / 240V charging

10. How Much Charging Do You Need?
In % of Leaf owners intended to install Level 2 charging at home (240V) when they left the dealership with their new Leaf
In % of Leaf owners intended to install Level 2 charging at home. They intended to try with Level 1 at their home.

11. Where to Charge. How Much of Each
Where to Charge? How Much of Each? The Charging Pyramid for Personal EVs
Residential:
Level 1 and 2 Charging
Workplace:
Public:
Level 1 and 2 and
Fast Charging

12. The Future? Declining battery cost
Increasing battery capacity and range
A substantial increase in model availability
Plug-in mini-vans, pickup trucks and SUVs in addition to sedans
Autonomous electric vehicles
Inductive charging, hands-free

13. THANK YOU ! Dwight MacCurdy dwight.maccurdy@smud.org

14. Research Programs
Charging Strategies for Workplace and Fleet Electric Vehicles
Fleet Suitability Assessments