1. Political Boundaries
USA
WWII
Roman Empire

2. Four Types of Boundary Formation
Antecedent boundary – existed before human settlement of the area.
Andes
Ohio R.
Himalayas

3. 4 Types of Boundary Formation
Consequent(Subsequent) boundary – develop along with the development of the cultural landscape. As the cultural landscape develops, the border was drawn to accommodate religious, cultural, and economic differences.
Northern Ireland & the Republic of Ireland
USA & Canada

4. Superimposed (subsequent) boundary – is a political boundary that ignores the existing cultural organization on the landscape. It is usually placed by a higher authority, such as a superpower or a delegation of superpowers, to satisfy that authority’s needs rather than the needs of the area.
N.Korea and S. Korea by U.N.
Division of Ireland by British
Partition of India by British
Creation of Israel by U.N.
MOST OF AFRICA

5. Relic boundary – this is a boundary that no longer exists, but its impact is still felt and seen on the landscape.
East Germany and West Germany
Great Wall of China
NORTH vs. SOUTH

6. The creation of boundaries
There are four steps in the growth of boundaries into final form
Definition is the phase in which the exact location of a boundary is legally described and negotiated.
Delimitation is the step when the boundary’s definition is drawn on a map

7. The creation of boundaries
Demarcation is the visible marking of a boundary on the landscape with a fence, line, sign, wall, etc.
Great Wall of China (relic boundary)
Berlin Wall (relic boundary)
not all boundaries are marked ($$$$)

8. The creation of boundaries
Administration is the enforcement by a government or people of the boundary that has been created.
USA & CANADA
North Korea and South Korea
demilitarized zone along the 38th parallel

9. Type of boundary?
Physical boundaries – natural features such as lakes, rivers, mountains, deserts, peninsulas, etc.
US & Canada –Great Lakes
US & Mexico – Rio Grande
Chile and Argentina &
Ecuador and Brazil – Andes

10. -Longest border in the world
Type of boundary?
Geometric boundaries - latitude and longitude features or straight lines
Most of the US and Canada boundary – 49th parallel
-Longest border in the world
-Un-militarized
5,525 miles long
(1,538 mi.-Alaska)

11. Type of boundary?
Cultural boundaries (can follow geometric of physical lines)
– language, religion, ethnicity
India and Pakistan

12. North and South Korea

13. Four types of boundary disputes
Definitional (territorial) boundary disputes – arise from the legal language of the treaty’s definition of the boundary.
One of the countries involved will usually sue another country in the International Court of Justice (World Court) which will try to determine what was intended when the boundaries were initially described.

14. Four types of boundary disputes
Locational (positional) boundary disputes – arise when the definition of the border is not questioned but the interpretation of the border is.
In these cases, the border has shifted, and the original intention of the boundary is called into question.

15. Four types of boundary disputes
Operational (functional) boundary disputes – occur when two countries next to each other disagree on the major issue involving the administration of the border.
US and Mexico disagree over the issue of illegal immigration into the United States. Both sides agree where the border is but cannot agree on how to handle border crossing.

16. Four types of boundary disputes
Allocation (resource) boundary disputes – do not question the boundary itself but rather the use of it. They usually involve some type of natural resources, often in the open ocean and/or under the ground.
For example, when an aquifer extends across a boundary, who has dominant rights to the water? Or who has the right to drill for oil out at sea?
Colorado R.

17. Boundary???