1. 11th Grade Midterm Essay Topics
Presidential Decisions
Supreme Court Cases

2. George Washington Whiskey Rebellion Political Parties
Farewell address:Neutrality
Precedents: 2 terms, cabinet
Government will enforce federal laws
2 terms until 1940 FDR
Cabinet: “unwritten constitution”

3. Thomas Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase – doubled size of US, cost $15 million
Gained Mississippi River
Lewis and Clark expedition
Believed in strict interpretation
Need “loose” interpretation
Manifest Destiny

4. James Madison War of 1812 – 2nd war of independence
Causes: impressments, British giving weapons to Indians, War Hawks calling for takeover of Canada
Treaty of Ghent: ends war
No land acquisitions
Increase in nationalism
War hero to become president – Jackson
National anthem

5. James Monroe Monroe Doctrine: no colonization in Western Hemisphere
If attempted will be seen as act of war
US will stay out of European affairs
When Doctrine was issued, US lacked military might to enforce – Britain supported US
End of the 1800s – US able to enforce.

6. Andrew Jackson Indian Removal Act Pet Banks Spoils system
Kitchen Cabinet
Cherokee v. Georgia (John Marshall)
Trail of Tears
Common Man’s President
Use of veto

7. Schenck v. US
1st Amendment Freedom of Speech –distribute pamphlets to avoid the draft
Decision: Speech restricted during wartime.
Impact: “Clear and Present Danger.”

8. Engel v. Vitale
1st Amendment – Freedom of religion. State regents prayer.
Decision: Public schools cannot encourage prayer.
Impact: Separation of church and state.

9. Vernonia v. Acton
4th Amendment – search and seizure – mandatory drug testing of athletes
Decision: Legalized drug testing in schools
Impact: testing athletes randomly for drug use is not an illegal search.

10. N.J. v. TLO
4th Amendment – search and seizure. Search of pocketbook looking for cigarettes – found drug paraphernalia
Decision: School is a different environment – it is a legal search.
Impact : Police need probable cause – school officials need reasonable suspicion.

11. Bethel v. Fraser
1st Amendment – speech. Inappropriate speech nominating a friend for student council.
Decision: Freedom of speech restricted in public school.
Impact: Cannot use speech that is inappropriate, profane or could cause harm to others.

12. Plessy v. Ferguson 14th Amendment – equal protection under the law.
Louisiana – he wants to ride in a white railroad car
Decision: legalized separation.
Impact : allowed for Jim Crow laws and segregation of all public facilities. Overturned by Brown v. Board of Ed. 1954